NAME
last
- indicate last logins of users and ttys
SYNOPSIS
last
[-n]
[-nTx]
[-f file]
[-H hostsize]
[-h host]
[-L linesize]
[-N namesize]
[-t tty]
[user ...]
DESCRIPTION
last
will list the sessions of specified
users,
ttys,
and
hosts,
in reverse time order.
Each line of output contains
the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
of the session.
If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
a crash or shutdown,
last
will so indicate.
- -n
-
Limits the report to
n
lines.
- -f file
-
last
reads the file
file
instead of the default,
/var/log/wtmpx
or
/var/log/wtmp
.
If the file ends with
`x',
it is treated as a
utmpx(5)
format file, else it is treated as a
utmp(5)
format file.
If the file is ``-'', standard input is used.
- -H hostsize
-
Use the provided hostsize as the width to format the host name field.
- -h host
-
Host
names may be names or internet numbers.
- -L linesize
-
Use the provided linesize as the width to format the tty field.
- -N namesize
-
Use the provided namesize as the width to format the login name field.
- -n
-
Print host addresses numerically.
This option works only on
wtmpx(5)
entries,
and prints nothing on
wtmp(5)
entries.
- -T
-
Display better time information, including the year and seconds.
- -t tty
-
Specify the
tty.
Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
``
last -t 03
''
is equivalent to
``
last -t tty03
''.
- -x
-
Assume that the file given is
wtmpx(5)
format, even if the filename does not end with an
`x'.
If multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the
arguments is printed, e.g.,
``
last root -t console
''
would list all of
``
root
's''
sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
If no users, hostnames, or terminals are specified,
last
prints a record of all logins and logouts.
The pseudo-user
reboot
logs in at reboots of the system, thus
``
last
reboot
''
will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
If
last
is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has progressed.
If interrupted with a quit signal
last
indicates how far the search has progressed and then continues.
FILES
/var/log/wtmp
-
login data base
/var/log/wtmpx
-
login data base
SEE ALSO
lastcomm(1),
utmp(5),
utmpx(5),
ac(8),
lastlogin(8)
HISTORY
last
appeared in
3.0BSD.