NM 1 2005-04-20 binutils-2.15.97 GNU Development Tools

NAME

nm - list symbols from object files

SYNOPSIS

nm [--aa|----ddeebbuugg--ssyymmss] [--gg|----eexxtteerrnn--oonnllyy] [--BB] [--CC|----ddeemmaannggllee[=_s_t_y_l_e]] [--DD|----ddyynnaammiicc] [--SS|----pprriinntt--ssiizzee] [--ss|----pprriinntt--aarrmmaapp] [--AA|--oo|----pprriinntt--ffiillee--nnaammee][----ssppeecciiaall--ssyymmss] [--nn|--vv|----nnuummeerriicc--ssoorrtt] [--pp|----nnoo--ssoorrtt] [--rr|----rreevveerrssee--ssoorrtt] [----ssiizzee--ssoorrtt] [--uu|----uunnddeeffiinneedd--oonnllyy] [--tt _r_a_d_i_x|----rraaddiixx==_r_a_d_i_x] [--PP|----ppoorrttaabbiilliittyy] [----ttaarrggeett==_b_f_d_n_a_m_e] [--ff_f_o_r_m_a_t|----ffoorrmmaatt==_f_o_r_m_a_t] [----ddeeffiinneedd--oonnllyy] [--ll|----lliinnee--nnuummbbeerrss] [----nnoo--ddeemmaannggllee] [--VV|----vveerrssiioonn] [--XX 3322__6644] [----hheellpp] [_o_b_j_f_i_l_e...]

DESCRIPTION

GNU nnmm lists the symbols from object files _o_b_j_f_i_l_e.... If no object files are listed as arguments, nnmm assumes the file _a_._o_u_t.

For each symbol, nnmm shows:

· The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below), or
hexadecimal by default.
· The symbol type. At least the following types are used; others are, as
well, depending on the object file format. If lowercase, the symbol is local; if uppercase, the symbol is global (external).
"A" The symbol's value is absolute, and will not be changed by further
linking.
"B" The symbol is in the uninitialized data section (known as BSS).
"C" The symbol is common. Common symbols are uninitialized data. When
linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the same name. If the symbol is defined anywhere, the common symbols are treated as undefined references.
"D" The symbol is in the initialized data section.
"G" The symbol is in an initialized data section for small objects. Some
object file formats permit more efficient access to small data objects, such as a global int variable as opposed to a large global array.
"I" The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol. This is a GNU
extension to the a.out object file format which is rarely used.
"N" The symbol is a debugging symbol.
"R" The symbol is in a read only data section.
"S" The symbol is in an uninitialized data section for small objects.
"T" The symbol is in the text (code) section.
"U" The symbol is undefined.
"V" The symbol is a weak object. When a weak defined symbol is linked with
a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error. When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of the weak symbol becomes zero with no error.
"W" The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been specifically tagged as a
weak object symbol. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error. When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of the symbol is determined in a system-specific manner without error. On some systems, uppercase indicates that a default value has been specified.
"-" The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In this case, the
next values printed are the stabs other field, the stabs desc field, and the stab type. Stabs symbols are used to hold debugging information.
"?" The symbol type is unknown, or object file format specific.
· The symbol name.

OPTIONS

The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are equivalent.
--AA
--oo
----pprriinntt--ffiillee--nnaammee Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive member)
in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file once only, before all of its symbols.
--aa
----ddeebbuugg--ssyymmss Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally these are not
listed.
--BB The same as ----ffoorrmmaatt==bbssdd (for compatibility with the MIPS nnmm).
--CC
----ddeemmaannggllee[[==_s_t_y_l_e]] Decode (_d_e_m_a_n_g_l_e) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler.
----nnoo--ddeemmaannggllee Do not demangle low-level symbol names. This is the default.
--DD
----ddyynnaammiicc Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal symbols. This is
only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared libraries.
--ff _f_o_r_m_a_t
----ffoorrmmaatt==_f_o_r_m_a_t Use the output format _f_o_r_m_a_t, which can be "bsd",
"sysv", or "posix". The default is "bsd". Only the first character of _f_o_r_m_a_t is significant; it can be either upper or lower case.
--gg
----eexxtteerrnn--oonnllyy Display only external symbols.
--ll
----lliinnee--nnuummbbeerrss For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find a filename and
line number. For a defined symbol, look for the line number of the address of the symbol. For an undefined symbol, look for the line number of a relocation entry which refers to the symbol. If line number information can be found, print it after the other symbol information.
--nn
--vv
----nnuummeerriicc--ssoorrtt Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabetically
by their names.
--pp
----nnoo--ssoorrtt Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them in the order
encountered.
--PP
----ppoorrttaabbiilliittyy Use the POSIX.2 standard output format instead of the default format.
Equivalent to --ff ppoossiixx.
--SS
----pprriinntt--ssiizzee Print size, not the value, of defined symbols for the "bsd" output format.
--ss
----pprriinntt--aarrmmaapp When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping
(stored in the archive by aarr or rraannlliibb) of which modules contain definitions for which names.
--rr
----rreevveerrssee--ssoorrtt Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the
last come first.
----ssiizzee--ssoorrtt Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the difference between
the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol with the next higher value. If the "bsd" output format is used the size of the symbol is printed, rather than the value, and --SS must be used in order both size and value to be printed.
----ssppeecciiaall--ssyymmss Display symbols which have a target-specific special meaning. These
symbols are usually used by the target for some special processing and are not normally helpful when included included in the normal symbol lists. For example for ARM targets this option would skip the mapping symbols used to mark transistions between ARM code, THUMB code and data.
--tt _r_a_d_i_x
----rraaddiixx==_r_a_d_i_x Use _r_a_d_i_x as the radix for printing the symbol values. It must be
dd for decimal, oo for octal, or xx for hexadecimal.
----ttaarrggeett==_b_f_d_n_a_m_e Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
--uu
----uunnddeeffiinneedd--oonnllyy Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file).
----ddeeffiinneedd--oonnllyy Display only defined symbols for each object file.
--VV
----vveerrssiioonn Show the version number of nnmm and exit.
--XX This option is ignored for compatibility with the AIX version of
nnmm. It takes one parameter which must be the string 3322__6644. The default mode of AIX nnmm corresponds to --XX 3322, which is not supported by GNU nnmm.
----hheellpp Show a summary of the options to nnmm and exit.

SEE ALSO

_a_r(1), _o_b_j_d_u_m_p(1), _r_a_n_l_i_b(1), and the Info entries for _b_i_n_u_t_i_l_s. Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.