About this Document............................................2
What is NetBSD?................................................2
Changes Between The NetBSD 6.0 and 6.1 Releases................3
Security Advisory Fixes.....................................3
Security Fixes..............................................3
General kernel..............................................3
Networking..................................................4
File systems................................................4
Drivers.....................................................4
Platforms...................................................5
Userland fixes..............................................6
The NetBSD Foundation..........................................6
Sources of NetBSD..............................................7
NetBSD 6.1_STABLE Release Contents.............................7
NetBSD/alpha subdirectory structure.........................8
Bootable installation/upgrade floppies......................8
Binary distribution sets....................................9
NetBSD/alpha System Requirements and Supported Devices........10
Supported PCI bus devices..................................10
Supported ISA bus devices..................................11
Supported EISA bus devices.................................11
Supported Turbochannel bus devices.........................11
Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................12
Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................14
Installing the NetBSD System..................................14
Running the sysinst installation program...................17
Introduction............................................17
Possible hardware problems..............................17
General.................................................18
Quick install...........................................18
Booting NetBSD..........................................19
Network configuration...................................19
Installation drive selection and parameters.............19
Selecting which sets to install.........................19
Partitioning the disk...................................19
Preparing your hard disk................................20
Getting the distribution sets...........................20
Installation from CD-ROM................................20
Installation using ftp..................................21
Installation using NFS..................................21
Installation from an unmounted file system..............21
Installation from a local directory.....................21
Extracting the distribution sets........................21
Configure additional items..............................22
Finalizing your installation............................22
Post installation steps.......................................22
Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................24
Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............25
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 5.x releases.......25
Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 4.x releases.......25
Using online NetBSD documentation.............................26
Administrivia.................................................26
Thanks go to..................................................27
We are........................................................28
Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................33
The End.......................................................38
This document describes the installation procedure for
NetBSD
6.1_STABLE on the
alpha
platform.
It is available in four different formats titled
INSTALL.ext,
where
.ext
is one of
.ps, .html, .more,
or .txt:
.ps.html.moremore(1)
and
less(1)
pager utility programs.
This is the format in which the on-line
man
pages are generally presented.
.txtYou are reading the HTML version.
The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on 57 different system architectures (ports) across 15 distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD 6.1_STABLE release contains complete binary releases for many different system architectures. (A few ports are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. Please see the NetBSD web site at http://www.NetBSD.org/ for information on them.)
NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist.
The NetBSD 6.1_STABLE release provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including support for new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES-6.1: http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-6.1/CHANGES-6.1 file in the top level directory of the NetBSD 6.1 release tree. An abbreviated list is as follows:
ipf(4)
npf(3):
Many fixes and updates. Config syntax has changed somewhat, please check your config files.
ciss(4):
don't try to handle sensors if there aren't any.
isp(4):
Fix FC-AL devices on QLogic ISP2100.
(PR#47302):
http://gnats.NetBSD.org/47302
mfi(4):
Add support for LSI Thunderbolt (SAS2208) controllers.
mfi(4):
Add support for running the MegaCLI Linux binary to manage the controller.
puc(4):
Additional device support.
bge(4):
Add support for Apple's Thunderbolt to Gigabit Ethernet adapter.
(PR#46961):
http://gnats.NetBSD.org/46961
mvgbe(4):
fix a number of issues
nfe(4):
Avoid bounce buffering and improve performance.
wm(4):
Fix handling of 82578D and 82579V chips. Various other fixes.
fss(4):
Don't crash when running multiple dump -X.
(PR#47514):
http://gnats.NetBSD.org/47514
fss(4):
Fixed panic.
(PR#47020):
http://gnats.NetBSD.org/47020
ed(4)
device driver for Hydra and ASDG Zorro2 bus network cards.
pthread(3):
libpthread minor number was bumped for the addition of pthread_cond_setclock(). Threaded binaries built on NetBSD 6.1 will not function on NetBSD 6.0.
pthread(3):
libpthread can be dlopen()ed again.
terminfo(3):
Various fixes to libterminfo.
parsedate(3)
where it would treat all input as if it were in the local time zone.
flock(1),
inspired by the Linux program of the same name.
wsconsctl(8):
add support for touchscreen calibration.
(PR#45872):
http://gnats.NetBSD.org/45872
The
NetBSD
Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation
that devotes itself to the traditional goals and Spirit of the
NetBSD
Project and owns the trademark of the word
``NetBSD''.
It supports the design, development, and adoption of
NetBSD
worldwide.
More information on the
NetBSD
Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at:
http://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/
Refer to
http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/
The root directory of the NetBSD 6.1_STABLE release is organized as follows:
.../NetBSD-6.1_STABLE/
CHANGESCHANGES-6.0CHANGES-6.1CHANGES.prevLAST_MINUTEREADME.filessource/In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD 6.1_STABLE has a binary distribution.
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
source
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
They contain the complete sources to the system.
The source distribution sets are as follows:
config(1)
utility.
All the above source sets are located in the
source/sets
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
Except for the
pkgsrc
set, which is traditionally unpacked into
/usr/pkgsrc,
all sets may be unpacked into
/usr/src
with the command:
# cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.tgz
In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
MD5SHA512The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files.
alpha
subdirectory of the distribution:
.../NetBSD-6.1_STABLE/alpha/.
It contains the following files and directories:
INSTALL.htmlINSTALL.psINSTALL.txtINSTALL.more.more
file contains underlined text using the
more(1)
conventions for indicating italic and bold display.
binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gznetbsd-GENERIC.MP.gzsets/installation/floppy/diskimage/cdhdtape
is included for the case where the installer is written to
a CD, hard drive, or tape.
This image file is the same for the CD, HD, and tape cases.
instkernel/netbsd.gz
installation kernel; this is the same installer kernel as in all the
other install
images, but without the various boot program and file system wrappers.
It can be netbooted or diskbooted from a previous installation.
no need to
gunzip
this image.
There are three bootable images in the
NetBSD
alpha distribution.
One is for a floppy boot and is split into three separate files.
The other is a single-file image containing the same install kernel,
but intended to be written to a CD, tape, or hard drive.
The third image is a
GENERIC
kernel intended for production use in unusual cases.
This can be useful at some sites when:
siop(4)
or
isp(4)
SCSI devices, and on most platforms will not
boot from an IDE drive.
NetBSD
will happily operate
with almost any SCSI root or an IDE root; the solution here is to netboot
a kernel or always boot from floppy.
alpha/binary/sets
subdirectory
of the
NetBSD
6.1_STABLE
distribution tree, and are as follows:
/usr/include)
and the various system libraries (except the shared
libraries, which are included as part of the
base
set).
This set also includes the manual pages for
all of the utilities it contains, as well as the
system call and library manual pages.
/etc
and in several other places.
This set
must
be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should
not
be used if you are upgrading.
GENERIC
kernel, named
/netbsd.
You
must
install this distribution set.
/usr/share.
groff(1),
all related programs, and their manual pages.
NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on XFree86 4.5.0. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are:
The alpha binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files
named with the extension
.tgz,
e.g.
base.tgz.
The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally
well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that
method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore
the files are extracted
below the current directory.
Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e.
replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the
tar -xzpf
command from the root directory (
/
) of your system.
NetBSD/alpha 6.1_STABLE runs on most of the DEC Alpha PCI platforms, on all of the TURBOChannel models, on the high end 8200 and 8400 systems, and on the 4100 series.
The SRM console is required.
This
console can be distinguished from the ARC console (which is used to
boot
Windows NT)
by the fact that it has a command line interface,
rather than a menu-driven interface.
The SRM prompt is
`>>>'.
Some platforms have both the SRM console and the ARC console, and can switch between them, and other platforms have only one type of console loaded at any one time. If your system comes up with the ARC firmware, it may be possible to switch it to SRM with a menu or to download SRM from ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/Digital/Alpha/firmware/index.html You may want to buy a firmware update CD from Compaq Computer Corporation.
More information on supported platforms and devices can be found on the alpha port web pages at http://www.NetBSD.org/
A basic system will fit on a 200 MB disk (including swap) without too much difficulty, but you will probably want at least 500 MB of disk to have any level of comfort.
Although it is actually possible to boot and install NetBSD/alpha in only 16 MB of RAM, you will want to have at least 32 MB. We support add-in devices on the PCI, ISA, EISA and TurboChannel buses. Because NetBSD has an extremely machine-independent device driver system, many device drivers are the same as used in other ports that use the same bus. For example, the de network card driver is shared by the i386 and alpha ports. Some drivers on inspection appear as if they will work on the alpha but have not been tested because that hardware was not available to NetBSD testers; these are marked as UNTESTED below. If you have one of these devices, and it does work, please get in touch with port-alpha-maintainer@NetBSD.org and let us know that it works. If it doesn't work, do the same thing and we can probably fix it pretty easily.
Note that some devices, especially ISA-based devices, have to have
certain settings set properly for the install and
Parallel ports lpt0 0x378 7 [interrupt-driven or polling]
lpt1 0x278 [polling only]
lpt2 0x3bc [polling only]
AHA-174x SCSI host adapters (in enhanced mode)
ahb0 any any any
AHA-2X4X or AIC-7xxx-based SCSI host adapters
ahc0 any any any
Bus Logic BT445, BT74x, or BT9xx SCSI host adapters
bha0 0x330 any any
bha1 0x334 any any
MFM/ESDI/IDE/RLL hard disk controllers
wdc0 0x1f0 14 [supports two devices]
wdc1 0x170 15 [supports two devices]
ATA disks wd0, wd1, ...
SCSI disks sd0, sd1, ...
SCSI tapes st0, st1, ...
SCSI and ATAPI CD-ROMs cd0, cd1, ...
For each SCSI and IDE controller found, the SCSI or ATA(PI) devices
present on the bus are probed in increasing ID order for SCSI and
master/slave order for ATA(PI).
So the first SCSI drive found will be called sd0, the second sd1,
and so on ...
3COM 3x59X or 3COM 3x90X PCI Ethernet boards
ep0 any any [you must assign an interrupt in your
PCI BIOS, or let it do so for you]
Intel EtherExpress 100 Fast Ethernet adapters
fxp0 any any [you must assign an interrupt in your
PCI BIOS, or let it do so for you]
DEC DE200,201,202 EtherWORKS II/Turbo ISA Ethernet boards
le? 0x3005memory at D0000-DFFFF
le? 0x20010memory at D8000-DFFFF
You should enter the following SRM console command to enable the
le device:
>>> isacfg -mk -slot ? -dev 0 -handle DE200-LE -irq0 5
-membase0 d0000 -memlen0 10000 -iobase0 300 -etyp 1 -enadev 1
DEC DE203,204,205 EtherWORKS III ISA Ethernet boards
lc0 0x300any
lc1 0x320any
You should enter the following SRM console command to enable
the device:
>>> add_de205
GENERIC
kernels to detect them.
(Once installed, you can always rebuild your own kernel
to detect them anywhere you wish, of course.)
Here is a list of such devices and the necessary settings:
Device Name Port IRQ DRQ Misc
------ ---- ---- --- --- ----
Serial ports com0 0x3f8 4 [8250/16450/16550/clones]
com1 0x2f8 3 [8250/16450/16550/clones]
com2 0x3e8 5 [8250/16450/16550/clones]
Installation is supported from several media types, including:
The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the various media are outlined below.
binary/sets
and
alpha/binary/sets.
Proceed to the instructions on installation.
Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
/etc/exports
file on the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd).
(Both of these actions will probably require superuser
privileges on the server.)
You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself.
Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easiest way to do so is probably something like:
# tar -cf tape_device dist_directories
where
tape_device
is the name of the tape device that
describes the tape drive you're using; possibly
/dev/rst0,
or something similar, but it will vary from system to system.
(If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.)
In the above example,
dist_directories
are the
distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you
wish to place on the tape.
For instance, to put the
kern-GENERIC, base, and etc
distributions on tape (in
order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk),
you would do the following:
# cd .../NetBSD-6.1_STABLE
# cd alpha/binary
# tar -cf tape_device kern-GENERIC base etc
Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
If you have any data on your disks that you want to keep,
back it up
before starting.
Note that
NetBSD/alpha
does not support booting more than
one operating system from a single disk, although it's fine to have
multiple operating systems on your machine if you have a separate
disk for
NetBSD,
or if one of them uses a network boot.
To install or upgrade NetBSD, you need to first boot an installation program and then interact with the menu-based program sysinst. The installation program actually consists of the NetBSD kernel plus an in-memory file system of utility programs.
The traditional procedure is to write the installation system to a floppy disk set and then boot from the floppies. However, there are six ways to boot the NetBSD/alpha installation system. Each approach loads the exact same installation bits. The six paths are:
In all cases, you need to transfer a
bootable image of the installation system
from the
NetBSD
CD or from an ftp site to the chosen media type.
Although booting from floppy is the usual path, the
hard drive boot is useful if you have another operating system (and a spare
drive) already installed, or if you don't mind swapping hard drives from
box to box.
CD and tape boots are nice and fast if you have a CD writer
or a tape format in common with another previously installed
UNIX-like
system.
Finally, most versions of SRM can locate the
NetBSD
boot program
netboot
via bootp and download it via tftp.
netboot
then mounts the root file system
(/)
via NFS and loads the kernel.
Note that if you are installing or upgrading from a writable media, the media can be write-protected if you wish. These systems mount a root image from inside the kernel, and will not need to write to the media. If you booted from a floppy, the floppy disk may be removed from the drive after the system has booted.
The 3.5", 1.44 MB boot floppy set is found under the
NetBSD/alpha
6.1_STABLE distribution directory in
alpha/installation/floppy/
as three files called
disk1of3,
disk2of3,
and
disk3of3.
You need to put these disk images on three floppy disks.
If you have a UNIX-like system handy, you can do this with commands like the following:
# dd if=disk1of3 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=18k
# dd if=disk2of3 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=18k
# dd if=disk3of3 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=18k
If the
UNIX-like
system you are using is not a
NetBSD
system, you will probably need to replace
/dev/rfd0a
with the name of the floppy device on your particular system.
If you have an
MS-DOS
or
Windows
system available, you can use
the
rawrite.exe
utility to transfer the image to a floppy
disk.
This utility is provided with the
NetBSD/i386
install tools, under
i386/installation/misc;
a documentation file,
rawrite.doc
is available there as well.
Once the floppy has been made, you simply need to put it in the drive and type
>>> B DVA0
All three of these media types use the same initial image:
.../installation/diskimage/cdhdtape
The image can be written to a hard drive partition with a command
like:
# dd if=cdhdtape of=/dev/rsd0c bs=16k
To boot from a magnetic tape device such as DAT or DLT, it is important to create the tape image with 512-byte records. Use a command like:
# dd if=cdhdtape of=/dev/rst0 bs=512 conv=osync
If the host system is not NetBSD, the names of the destination devices are likely to be different. Be sure to use a ``raw partition'' device that doesn't skip over labels!
The use of CD-R devices varies greatly depending on the host OS and host software; it isn't possible to give typical instructions here.
The installation subdirectory
instkernel/
contains
netbsd.gz;
this is the same install kernel but without a bootable file system
image wrapped around it.
You can perform an complete reinstall by beginning it as an upgrade,
and booting this kernel in the normal way off the root file system
(/)
of a previous installation.
The gzipped image can be booted directly; it is not necessary to uncompress it first.
Booting NetBSD/alpha 6.1_STABLE over a network requires a BOOTP or DHCP server, a TFTP server and an NFS server. (These are usually all run on the same machine.) There are three basic stages to the boot:
/netbsd.
/)
via NFS and continues.
You will need to set up servers for BOOTP, TFTP and NFS.
If you want to run a full system
from the network, untar the
NetBSD
distribution into a directory on your server and NFS export that directory
to the client.
Make sure you put a kernel there as well, and create the device nodes in
/dev
with
sh ./MAKEDEV all.
Detailed instructions on netbooting can be found by visiting
http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/network/netboot/
You'll want to map root to
root
(rather than the default
nobody)
when you export your root file system
(/).
A typical
/etc/exports
line on a
NetBSD
system would be:
/usr/export/alpha -maproot=0 myclient.mydom.com
One option is to load just the install kernel over the network but then proceed to a normal disk-based install and disk-based operation. (Perhaps the alpha doesn't have a floppy drive, or you just don't want to use a Windows system to make the floppy; we understand.)
For this case, you still need to export an NFS root, but
the only thing it needs to have in it is the
instkernel
image from the distribution.
The gzipped image can be booted directly; it is not necessary to uncompress it first.
The console will be using TFTP to load the
NetBSD
boot program,
so for the TFTP setup, you need to copy the second stage bootstrap,
netboot,
into an appropriately named file such as
boot.netbsd.alpha
in the directory used by your TFTP server.
If you extracted a full snapshot, you can get the netboot program from
/usr/mdec/netboot;
if not, you can get this from the
installation/netboot
directory where you found the alpha distribution.
For the BOOTP server you need to specify the:
Here's an example for a UNIX-like system running bootpd:
myhost.mydom.com: :ht=ethernet:ha=0000c0391ae4:\
:ip=192.168.1.2:sm=255.255.255.0:\
:sa=192.168.1.1:bf=boot.netbsd.alpha:rp=/usr/export/alpha:
And here's an example for a UNIX-like system running the ISC dhcpd:
host axp {
hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:39:1a:e4;
fixed-address 192.168.1.2;
option host-name "myhost.mydom.com";
filename "boot.netbsd.alpha";
option root-path "/usr/export/alpha";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
option broadcast-address 255.255.255.0;
option domain-name "my.domain";
}
The only Ethernet device the console on most alpha systems knows how to boot from is the onboard Ethernet interface or a DEC Tulip (21040, 21041, 21140) PCI Ethernet card. Some older SMC 100 Mbps cards that use this chip have been known to work as well. Many older systems will not be able to use the newer 2.0 stepping of the 21140, however. If your system appears not to be receiving packets, this may be the problem. (You may or may not be able to update your firmware to fix this; see http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/alpha/ for more information on this.) In general, 10 Mb cards from manufacturers other than DEC will work, and 100 Mb cards not from DEC will not.
Once you're set up, you should be able to boot with:
>>> boot -proto bootp ewa0
You should permanently set your protocol to BOOTP with:
>>> set ewa0_protocols bootp
The 3000 series of Turbochannel systems and certain other models use old SRM, do not have a -proto option and use different device names. They also tend to not netboot very well so you probably don't need to worry about this section. However, if you want to give it a try, note the following differences:
setnetbootinfo(8)
program will probably also be necessary, as it is unlikely that an SRM
from that era will properly communicate the ethernet HW address to the
boot program.
>>> boot ez0
Using sysinst, installing NetBSD is a relatively easy process. Still, you should read this document and have it in hand when doing the installation process. This document tries to be a good guide to the installation, and as such, covers many details for the sake of completeness. Do not let this discourage you; the install program is not hard to use.
Should you encounter hardware problems during installation, try rebooting after unplugging removable devices you don't need for installation. Non-removable devices can be disabled with userconf (use boot -c to enter it).
The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while
getting
NetBSD
installed on your hard disk.
sysinst
is a menu driven
installation system that allows for some freedom in doing the
installation.
Sometimes, questions will be asked and in many cases
the default answer will be displayed in brackets
(``[ ]'')
after the question.
If you wish to stop the installation, you may press
CONTROL-C
at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation
process again from scratch by running the
/sysinst
program from the command prompt.
It is not necessary to reboot.
First, let's describe a quick install. The other sections of this document go into the installation procedure in more detail, but you may find that you do not need this. If you want detailed instructions, skip to the next section. This section describes a basic installation, using a CD-ROM install as an example.
>>> B DQA0
DQA0
may not be the proper device, depending on your hardware configuration.
.***********************************************.
* NetBSD-6.1_STABLE Install System *
* *
*>a: Install NetBSD to hard disk *
* b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk *
* c: Re-install sets or install additional sets *
* d: Reboot the computer *
* e: Utility menu *
* f: Config menu *
* x: Exit Install System *
.***********************************************.
root
and set a password for that account.
You are also advised to edit
/etc/rc.conf
to match your needs.
Boot your machine.
The boot loader will start, and will print a countdown and begin booting.
The most important thing to know is that
wd0
is
NetBSD's
name for your first IDE disk,
wd1
the second, etc.
sd0
is your first SCSI disk,
sd1
the second, etc.
Once NetBSD has booted and printed all the boot messages, you will be presented with a welcome message and a main menu. It will also include instructions for using the menus.
If you do not intend to use networking during the installation, but you do want your machine to be configured for networking once it is installed, you should first go to the Utility menu and select the Configure network option. If you only want to temporarily use networking during the installation, you can specify these parameters later. If you are not using the Domain Name System (DNS), you can give an empty response when asked to provide a server.
To start the installation, select Install NetBSD to hard disk from the main menu.
The first thing is to identify the disk on which you want to
install
NetBSD.
sysinst
will report a list of disks it finds
and ask you for your selection.
You should see disk names like
wd0,
wd1,
sd0
or
sd1.
The next step is to choose which distribution sets you wish to install. Options are provided for full, minimal, and custom installations. If you choose sets on your own, base, etc, and a kernel must be selected.
You will be asked if you want to use the entire disk or only part of the disk. If you decide to use the entire disk for NetBSD, sysinst will check for the presence of other operating systems and you will be asked to confirm that you want to overwrite these.
The partition table of the NetBSD part of a disk is called a disklabel. If your disk already has a disklabel written to it, you can choose Use existing partition sizes. Otherwise, select Set sizes of NetBSD partitions.
After you have chosen your partitions and their sizes (or if you opted to use the existing partitions), you will be presented with the layout of the NetBSD disklabel and given one more chance to change it. For each partition, you can set the type, offset and size, block and fragment size, and the mount point. The type that NetBSD uses for normal file storage is called 4.2BSD. A swap partition has a special type called swap. Some partitions in the disklabel have a fixed purpose.
a/)
bcd-hd
is the partition mounted on
/usr,
but this is historical practice and not a fixed value.
You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The default response will be ok for most purposes. If you choose to name it something different, make sure the name is a single word and contains no special characters. You don't need to remember this name.
You are now at the point of no return. Nothing has been written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to install NetBSD, your hard drive will be modified. If you are sure you want to proceed, select yes.
The install program will now label your disk and make the file systems you specified. The file systems will be initialized to contain NetBSD bootstrapping binaries and configuration files. You will see messages on your screen from the various NetBSD disk preparation tools that are running. There should be no errors in this section of the installation. If there are, restart from the beginning of the installation process. Otherwise, you can continue the installation program after pressing the return key.
The NetBSD distribution consists of a number of sets that come in the form of gzipped tarfiles. At this point, you will be presented with a menu which enables you to choose from one of the following methods of installing the sets. Some of these methods will first load the sets on your hard disk, others will extract the sets directly.
For all these methods, the first step is making the sets available for extraction, and then do the actual installation. The sets can be made available in a few different ways. The following sections describe each of those methods. After reading the one about the method you will be using, you can continue to the section labeled `Extracting the distribution sets'.
When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked to specify
the device name for your CD-ROM drive
(usually cd0),
and the directory name on the CD-ROM where the distribution files are.
sysinst will then check if the files are indeed available in the specified location, and proceed to the actual extraction of the sets.
To be able to install using ftp, you first need to configure
your network setup if you haven't already done so.
sysinst
will do this for you, asking you
if you want to use DHCP.
If you do not use DHCP, you can enter network configuration
details yourself.
If you do not have DNS set up for the machine that you
are installing on, you can just press
RETURN
in answer to this question, and DNS will not be used.
You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from, the directory on that host, the account name and password used to log into that host using ftp, and optionally a proxy server to use. If you did not set up DNS, you will need to specify an IP address instead of a hostname for the ftp server.
sysinst will proceed to transfer all the default set files from the remote site to your hard disk.
To be able to install using NFS, you first need to configure
your network setup if you haven't already done so.
sysinst
will do this for you, asking you
if you want to use DHCP.
If you do not use DHCP, you can enter network configuration
details yourself.
If you do not have DNS set up for the machine that you
are installing on, you can just press
RETURN
in answer to this question, and DNS will not be used.
You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from and the directory on that host that the files are in. This directory should be mountable by the machine you are installing on, i.e., correctly exported to your machine.
If you did not set up DNS, you will need to specify an IP address instead of a hostname for the NFS server.
In order to install from a local file system, you will
need to specify the device that the file system resides
on
(for example sd1e)
the type of the file system,
and the directory on the specified file system where the sets are located.
sysinst
will then check if it
can indeed access the sets at that location.
This option assumes that you have already done some preparation yourself. The sets should be located in a directory on a file system that is already accessible. sysinst will ask you for the name of this directory.
A progress bar will be displayed while the distribution sets are being extracted.
After all the files have been extracted, the device node files will be created. If you have already configured networking, you will be asked if you want to use this configuration for normal operation. If so, these values will be installed in the network configuration files.
The next menu will allow you to select a number of additional items to configure, including the time zone that you're in, to make sure your clock has the right offset from UTC, the root user's shell, and the initial root password.
You can also enable installation of binary packages, which installs the
pkgin(1)
tool for managing binary packages for third-party software.
This will
feel familiar to users of other package tools, such as
apt-get
or
yum.
Or, you can install the
pkgsrc(7)
tree for installing third-party software from source.
Finally, you can enable some daemons such as
sshd(8),
ntpd(8),
or
mdnsd(8).
Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 6.1_STABLE. You can now reboot the machine and boot NetBSD from hard disk.
Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state. The most important steps are described below.
/etc/rc.conf
If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of
/etc/rc.conf
(sysinst
usually will),
the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the
message
/etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
and with the root file system
(/)
mounted read-only.
When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply press
RETURN
to get to a
/bin/sh
prompt.
If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
vt220
(or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type)
and press
RETURN.
You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
# stty erase '^h'
# stty erase '^?'
At this point, you need to configure at least
one file in the
/etc
directory.
You will need to mount your root file system read/write with:
# /sbin/mount -u -w /
Change to the
/etc
directory and take a look at the
/etc/rc.conf
file.
Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set
rc_configured=YES
so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can
proceed.
Default values for the various programs can be found in
/etc/defaults/rc.conf,
where some in-line documentation may be found.
More complete documentation can be found in
rc.conf(5).
When you have finished editing
/etc/rc.conf,
type
exit
at the prompt to
leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.
Other values that may need to be set in
/etc/rc.conf
for a networked environment are
hostname
and possibly
defaultroute.
You may also need to add an
ifconfig_int
for your
<int>
network interface,
along the lines of
ifconfig_le0="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask 255.255.255.0"
or, if you have
myname.my.dom
in
/etc/hosts:
ifconfig_le0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
/etc/resolv.conf
file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run
named(8).
See
resolv.conf(5)
or
named(8)
for more information.
Instead of manually configuring network and naming service,
DHCP can be used by setting
dhclient=YES
in
/etc/rc.conf.
Other files in
/etc
that may require modification or setting up include
/etc/mailer.conf,
/etc/nsswitch.conf,
and
/etc/wscons.conf.
After reboot, you can log in as
root
at the login prompt.
Unless you've set a password in
sysinst,
there
is no initial password.
You should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the
``root''
account with good passwords.
By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via
ssh(1)).
One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different
user that belongs to group
``wheel''
(see
group(5))
and use
su(1)
to become root.
Use the
useradd(8)
command to add accounts to your system.
Do not
edit
/etc/passwd
directly! See
vipw(8)
and
pwd_mkdb(8)
if you want to edit the password database.
If you installed the X Window System, you may want to read the chapter about X in the NetBSD Guide: http://netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-x.html
If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system, pkgsrc. pkgsrc automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on NetBSD. This includes the retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the software may depend.
alpha/6.1_STABLE/All
subdir.
If you installed
pkgin(1)
in the
sysinst
post-installation configuration menu, you can use it to automatically install
binary packages over the network.
Assuming that
/usr/pkg/etc/pkgin/repositories.conf
is correctly configured, you can install them with the following commands:
# pkgin install tcsh # pkgin install bash # pkgin install perl # pkgin install apache # pkgin install kde # pkgin install firefox ...
/pub/pkgsrc
directory.
The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shells, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all the packages they depend on.
pkgsrc(7)
framework for compiling packages can be obtained by
retrieving the file
ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.tar.gz.
It is typically extracted into
/usr/pkgsrc
(though other locations work fine) with the commands:
# cd /usr
# tar -zxpf pkgsrc.tar.gz
After extracting, see the
doc/pkgsrc.txt
file in the extraction directory (e.g.,
/usr/pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt)
for more information.
/etc/mail/aliases
to forward root mail to the right place.
Don't forget to run
newaliases(1)
afterwards.
/etc/postfix/main.cf
file will almost definitely need to be adjusted.
If you prefer a different MTA, then install it using
pkgsrc or by hand and adjust
/etc/mailer.conf.
/etc/rc.local
to run any local daemons you use.
/etc
files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking
# man 5 filename
is likely to give you more information on these files.
The easiest way to upgrade to NetBSD 6.1_STABLE is with binaries, and that is the method documented here.
To do the upgrade, you must have one form of boot media available.
You must also have at least the
base
and
kern
binary distribution sets available.
Finally, you must have sufficient disk space available to install the
new binaries.
Since files already installed on the system are overwritten in place,
you only need additional free space for files which weren't previously
installed or to account for growth of the sets between releases.
If you have a few megabytes free on each of your root
(/)
and
/usr
partitions, you should have enough space.
Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel, boot blocks, and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to back up any important data on the NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition on your disk before beginning the upgrade process.
The upgrade procedure
is similar to an installation, but without the hard disk partitioning.
sysinst
will attempt to merge the settings stored in your
/etc
directory with the new version of
NetBSD.
Also, file systems are checked before unpacking the sets.
Fetching the binary
sets is done in the same manner as the installation procedure;
refer to the installation part of the document for help.
After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your
machine is a complete
NetBSD
6.1_STABLE
system.
However, that doesn't mean that you're finished with the upgrade process.
You will probably want to update the set of device
nodes you have in
/dev.
If you've changed the contents of
/dev
by hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if
not, you can just cd into
/dev,
and run the command:
# sh MAKEDEV all
Finally, you will want to delete old binaries that were part
of the version of
NetBSD
that you upgraded from and have since been removed from the
NetBSD
distribution.
Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 6.1_STABLE.
Note that sysinst will automatically invoke
postinstall fix
The pthread libraries from previous versions of
NetBSD
require that the
sysctl(3)
node
kern.no_sa_support
be set to
0.
This affects the following environments:
The 5.0 kernel defaults to
0
for
kern.no_sa_support,
which covers the first case.
However, please note that a full installation of 5.0
(either from scratch or through an upgrade)
will set
kern.no_sa_support
to 1 during the boot process.
This means that for the last two cases, you will have to manually set
kern.no_sa_support
to
0,
using either the
sysctl(8)
command or through
sysctl.conf(5).
The implementation of SHA2-HMAC in KAME_IPSEC as used in NetBSD-5 and before did not comply to current standards. FAST_IPSEC does, with the result that old and new systems cannot communicate over IPSEC, if one of the affected authentication algorithms (hmac_sha256, hmac_sha384, hmac_sha512) is used.
The following issues can generally be resolved by running postinstall with the etc set:
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix
Issues fixed by postinstall:
/etc
need upgrading.
These include:
/etc/defaults/*
/etc/mtree/*
/etc/daily
/etc/weekly
/etc/monthly
/etc/security
/etc/rc.subr
/etc/rc
/etc/rc.shutdown
/etc/rc.d/*
/etc/envsys.conf
The following issues need to be resolved manually:
mount(8)
command now requires the
nosuid
and
nodev
options to be explicitly specified.
Previously, these options were automatically enforced even if they
were not explicitly specified.
Documentation is available if you installed the manual
distribution set.
Traditionally, the
``man pages''
(documentation) are denoted by
`name(section)'.
Some examples of this are
intro(1),
man(1),
apropos(1),
passwd(1),
and
passwd(5).
The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
The man command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering man [section] topic. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter
# man passwd
to read the documentation for
passwd(1).
To view the documentation for
passwd(5),
enter
# man 5 passwd
instead.
If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter
# apropos subject-word
where subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed.
If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at majordomo@NetBSD.org. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions. See http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ for a web interface.
There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and questions about this release. Please send comments to: netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org.
To report bugs, use the
send-pr(1)
command shipped with
NetBSD,
and fill in as much information about the problem as you can.
Good bug reports include lots of details.
Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at http://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html
There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/
If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed below).
If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: netbsd-users@NetBSD.org.
As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.
Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick
for their work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement.
(in alphabetical order)
| The NetBSD core group: | |||
| Alan Barrett | apb@NetBSD.org | ||
| Alistair Crooks | agc@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matthew Green | mrg@NetBSD.org | ||
| Chuck Silvers | chs@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matt Thomas | matt@NetBSD.org | ||
| YAMAMOTO Takashi | yamt@NetBSD.org | ||
| Christos Zoulas | christos@NetBSD.org | ||
|
| |||
| The portmasters (and their ports): | |||
| Reinoud Zandijk | reinoud | acorn32 | |
| Matt Thomas | matt | alpha | |
| Ignatios Souvatzis | is | amiga | |
| Ignatios Souvatzis | is | amigappc | |
| Noriyuki Soda | soda | arc | |
| Julian Coleman | jdc | atari | |
| Matthias Drochner | drochner | cesfic | |
| Erik Berls | cyber | cobalt | |
| Antti Kantee | pooka | emips | |
| Simon Burge | simonb | evbmips | |
| Steve Woodford | scw | evbppc | |
| Izumi Tsutsui | tsutsui | ews4800mips | |
| Izumi Tsutsui | tsutsui | hp300 | |
| Nick Hudson | skrll | hp700 | |
| Valeriy E. Ushakov | uwe | hpcsh | |
| Matt Thomas | matt | ibmnws | |
| Gavan Fantom | gavan | iyonix | |
| Valeriy E. Ushakov | uwe | landisk | |
| Izumi Tsutsui | tsutsui | luna68k | |
| Scott Reynolds | scottr | mac68k | |
| Michael Lorenz | macallan | macppc | |
| Steve Woodford | scw | mvme68k | |
| Steve Woodford | scw | mvmeppc | |
| Matt Thomas | matt | netwinder | |
| Izumi Tsutsui | tsutsui | news68k | |
| Tim Rightnour | garbled | ofppc | |
| Simon Burge | simonb | pmax | |
| Tim Rightnour | garbled | prep | |
| Tim Rightnour | garbled | rs6000 | |
| Tohru Nishimura | nisimura | sandpoint | |
| Simon Burge | simonb | sbmips | |
| Søren Jørvang | soren | sgimips | |
| SAITOH Masanobu | msaitoh | sh3 | |
| Martin Husemann | martin | sparc64 | |
| Anders Magnusson | ragge | vax | |
| NISHIMURA Takeshi | nsmrtks | x68k | |
| Manuel Bouyer | bouyer | xen | |
|
| |||
| The NetBSD 6.1_STABLE Release Engineering team: | |||
| Stephen Borrill | sborrill@NetBSD.org | ||
| Manuel Bouyer | bouyer@NetBSD.org | ||
| David Brownlee | abs@NetBSD.org | ||
| James Chacon | jmc@NetBSD.org | ||
| Julian Coleman | jdc@NetBSD.org | ||
| Alistair G. Crooks | agc@NetBSD.org | ||
| Håvard Eidnes | he@NetBSD.org | ||
| John Heasley | heas@NetBSD.org | ||
| Martin Husemann | martin@NetBSD.org | ||
| Soren Jacobsen | snj@NetBSD.org | ||
| Phil Nelson | phil@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jeremy C. Reed | reed@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jeff Rizzo | riz@NetBSD.org | ||
| SAITOH Masanobu | msaitoh@NetBSD.org | ||
|
| |||
| NetBSD Developers: | |||
| Nathan Ahlstrom | nra@NetBSD.org | ||
| Steve Allen | wormey@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jukka Andberg | jandberg@NetBSD.org | ||
| Julian Assange | proff@NetBSD.org | ||
| Lennart Augustsson | augustss@NetBSD.org | ||
| Zafer Aydogan | zafer@NetBSD.org | ||
| Christoph Badura | bad@NetBSD.org | ||
| Marc Balmer | mbalmer@NetBSD.org | ||
| Bang Jun-Young | junyoung@NetBSD.org | ||
| Dieter Baron | dillo@NetBSD.org | ||
| Robert V. Baron | rvb@NetBSD.org | ||
| Alan Barrett | apb@NetBSD.org | ||
| Grant Beattie | grant@NetBSD.org | ||
| Erik Berls | cyber@NetBSD.org | ||
| Hiroyuki Bessho | bsh@NetBSD.org | ||
| John Birrell | jb@NetBSD.org | ||
| Rafal Boni | rafal@NetBSD.org | ||
| Stephen Borrill | sborrill@NetBSD.org | ||
| Sean Boudreau | seanb@NetBSD.org | ||
| Manuel Bouyer | bouyer@NetBSD.org | ||
| Allen Briggs | briggs@NetBSD.org | ||
| Mark Brinicombe | mark@NetBSD.org | ||
| Aaron Brown | abrown@NetBSD.org | ||
| Andrew Brown | atatat@NetBSD.org | ||
| David Brownlee | abs@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jon Buller | jonb@NetBSD.org | ||
| Simon Burge | simonb@NetBSD.org | ||
| Robert Byrnes | byrnes@NetBSD.org | ||
| Pavel Cahyna | pavel@NetBSD.org | ||
| D'Arcy J.M. Cain | darcy@NetBSD.org | ||
| Taylor R. Campbell | riastradh@NetBSD.org | ||
| Daniel Carosone | dan@NetBSD.org | ||
| Dave Carrel | carrel@NetBSD.org | ||
| James Chacon | jmc@NetBSD.org | ||
| Mihai Chelaru | kefren@NetBSD.org | ||
| Aleksey Cheusov | cheusov@NetBSD.org | ||
| Bill Coldwell | billc@NetBSD.org | ||
| Julian Coleman | jdc@NetBSD.org | ||
| Marcus Comstedt | marcus@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jeremy Cooper | jeremy@NetBSD.org | ||
| Thomas Cort | tcort@NetBSD.org | ||
| Chuck Cranor | chuck@NetBSD.org | ||
| Alistair Crooks | agc@NetBSD.org | ||
| Johan Danielsson | joda@NetBSD.org | ||
| John Darrow | jdarrow@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jed Davis | jld@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matt DeBergalis | deberg@NetBSD.org | ||
| Arnaud Degroote | degroote@NetBSD.org | ||
| Rob Deker | deker@NetBSD.org | ||
| Chris G. Demetriou | cgd@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tracy Di Marco White | gendalia@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jaromír Dolecek | jdolecek@NetBSD.org | ||
| Andy Doran | ad@NetBSD.org | ||
| Roland Dowdeswell | elric@NetBSD.org | ||
| Steven Drake | sbd@NetBSD.org | ||
| Emmanuel Dreyfus | manu@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matthias Drochner | drochner@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jun Ebihara | jun@NetBSD.org | ||
| Håvard Eidnes | he@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jaime A Fournier | ober@NetBSD.org | ||
| Stoned Elipot | seb@NetBSD.org | ||
| Michael van Elst | mlelstv@NetBSD.org | ||
| Enami Tsugutomo | enami@NetBSD.org | ||
| Bernd Ernesti | veego@NetBSD.org | ||
| Erik Fair | fair@NetBSD.org | ||
| Gavan Fantom | gavan@NetBSD.org | ||
| Hauke Fath | hauke@NetBSD.org | ||
| Hubert Feyrer | hubertf@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jason R. Fink | jrf@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matt J. Fleming | mjf@NetBSD.org | ||
| Marty Fouts | marty@NetBSD.org | ||
| Liam J. Foy | liamjfoy@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matt Fredette | fredette@NetBSD.org | ||
| Thorsten Frueauf | frueauf@NetBSD.org | ||
| Castor Fu | castor@NetBSD.org | ||
| Makoto Fujiwara | mef@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ichiro Fukuhara | ichiro@NetBSD.org | ||
| Quentin Garnier | cube@NetBSD.org | ||
| Thomas Gerner | thomas@NetBSD.org | ||
| Simon J. Gerraty | sjg@NetBSD.org | ||
| Justin Gibbs | gibbs@NetBSD.org | ||
| Chris Gilbert | chris@NetBSD.org | ||
| Eric Gillespie | epg@NetBSD.org | ||
| Brian Ginsbach | ginsbach@NetBSD.org | ||
| Oliver V. Gould | ver@NetBSD.org | ||
| Paul Goyette | pgoyette@NetBSD.org | ||
| Michael Graff | explorer@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matthew Green | mrg@NetBSD.org | ||
| Andreas Gustafsson | gson@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ulrich Habel | rhaen@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino | itojun@NetBSD.org | ||
| HAMAJIMA Katsuomi | hamajima@NetBSD.org | ||
| Adam Hamsik | haad@NetBSD.org | ||
| Juergen Hannken-Illjes | hannken@NetBSD.org | ||
| Charles M. Hannum | mycroft@NetBSD.org | ||
| Yorick Hardy | yhardy@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ben Harris | bjh21@NetBSD.org | ||
| Eric Haszlakiewicz | erh@NetBSD.org | ||
| John Hawkinson | jhawk@NetBSD.org | ||
| Emile Heitor | imil@NetBSD.org | ||
| John Heasley | heas@NetBSD.org | ||
| Lars Heidieker | para@NetBSD.org | ||
| Geert Hendrickx | ghen@NetBSD.org | ||
| René Hexel | rh@NetBSD.org | ||
| Iain Hibbert | plunky@NetBSD.org | ||
| Kouichirou Hiratsuka | hira@NetBSD.org | ||
| Michael L. Hitch | mhitch@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ádám Hóka | ahoka@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jachym Holecek | freza@NetBSD.org | ||
| David A. Holland | dholland@NetBSD.org | ||
| Christian E. Hopps | chopps@NetBSD.org | ||
| Daniel Horecki | morr@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ken Hornstein | kenh@NetBSD.org | ||
| Marc Horowitz | marc@NetBSD.org | ||
| Eduardo Horvath | eeh@NetBSD.org | ||
| Nick Hudson | skrll@NetBSD.org | ||
| Shell Hung | shell@NetBSD.org | ||
| Darran Hunt | darran@NetBSD.org | ||
| Martin Husemann | martin@NetBSD.org | ||
| Dean Huxley | dean@NetBSD.org | ||
| Love Hörnquist Åstrand | lha@NetBSD.org | ||
| Roland Illig | rillig@NetBSD.org | ||
| Bernardo Innocenti | bernie@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tetsuya Isaki | isaki@NetBSD.org | ||
| ITOH Yasufumi | itohy@NetBSD.org | ||
| IWAMOTO Toshihiro | toshii@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matthew Jacob | mjacob@NetBSD.org | ||
| Soren Jacobsen | snj@NetBSD.org | ||
| Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj | lonhyn@NetBSD.org | ||
| Darrin Jewell | dbj@NetBSD.org | ||
| Nicolas Joly | njoly@NetBSD.org | ||
| Søren Jørvang | soren@NetBSD.org | ||
| Takahiro Kambe | taca@NetBSD.org | ||
| Antti Kantee | pooka@NetBSD.org | ||
| Frank Kardel | kardel@NetBSD.org | ||
| KAWAMOTO Yosihisa | kawamoto@NetBSD.org | ||
| Min Sik Kim | minskim@NetBSD.org | ||
| KIYOHARA Takashi | kiyohara@NetBSD.org | ||
| Thomas Klausner | wiz@NetBSD.org | ||
| Klaus Klein | kleink@NetBSD.org | ||
| John Klos | jklos@NetBSD.org | ||
| Wayne Knowles | wdk@NetBSD.org | ||
| Takayoshi Kochi | kochi@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jonathan A. Kollasch | jakllsch@NetBSD.org | ||
| Radoslaw Kujawa | rkujawa@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jochen Kunz | jkunz@NetBSD.org | ||
| Martti Kuparinen | martti@NetBSD.org | ||
| Arnaud Lacombe | alc@NetBSD.org | ||
| Kevin Lahey | kml@NetBSD.org | ||
| David Laight | dsl@NetBSD.org | ||
| Johnny C. Lam | jlam@NetBSD.org | ||
| Guillaume Lasmayous | gls@NetBSD.org | ||
| Martin J. Laubach | mjl@NetBSD.org | ||
| Greg Lehey | grog@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ted Lemon | mellon@NetBSD.org | ||
| Christian Limpach | cl@NetBSD.org | ||
| Frank van der Linden | fvdl@NetBSD.org | ||
| Joel Lindholm | joel@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tonnerre Lombard | tonnerre@NetBSD.org | ||
| Mike Long | mikel@NetBSD.org | ||
| Michael Lorenz | macallan@NetBSD.org | ||
| Warner Losh | imp@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tomasz Luchowski | zuntum@NetBSD.org | ||
| Federico Lupi | federico@NetBSD.org | ||
| Brett Lymn | blymn@NetBSD.org | ||
| MAEKAWA Masahide | gehenna@NetBSD.org | ||
| Anders Magnusson | ragge@NetBSD.org | ||
| John Marino | marino@NetBSD.org | ||
| Roy Marples | roy@NetBSD.org | ||
| Cherry G. Mathew | cherry@NetBSD.org | ||
| David Maxwell | david@NetBSD.org | ||
| Gregory McGarry | gmcgarry@NetBSD.org | ||
| Dan McMahill | dmcmahill@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jared D. McNeill | jmcneill@NetBSD.org | ||
| Neil J. McRae | neil@NetBSD.org | ||
| Julio M. Merino Vidal | jmmv@NetBSD.org | ||
| Perry Metzger | perry@NetBSD.org | ||
| Luke Mewburn | lukem@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jean-Yves Migeon | jym@NetBSD.org | ||
| Brook Milligan | brook@NetBSD.org | ||
| Minoura Makoto | minoura@NetBSD.org | ||
| Simas Mockevicius | symka@NetBSD.org | ||
| der Mouse | mouse@NetBSD.org | ||
| Constantine A. Murenin | cnst@NetBSD.org | ||
| Joseph Myers | jsm@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tuomo Mäkinen | tjam@NetBSD.org | ||
| Zoltán Arnold NAGY | zoltan@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ken Nakata | kenn@NetBSD.org | ||
| Takeshi Nakayama | nakayama@NetBSD.org | ||
| Alexander Nasonov | alnsn@NetBSD.org | ||
| Phil Nelson | phil@NetBSD.org | ||
| John Nemeth | jnemeth@NetBSD.org | ||
| NISHIMURA Takeshi | nsmrtks@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tohru Nishimura | nisimura@NetBSD.org | ||
| NONAKA Kimihiro | nonaka@NetBSD.org | ||
| Takehiko NOZAKI | tnozaki@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tobias Nygren | tnn@NetBSD.org | ||
| OBATA Akio | obache@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jesse Off | joff@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tatoku Ogaito | tacha@NetBSD.org | ||
| OKANO Takayoshi | kano@NetBSD.org | ||
| Masaru Oki | oki@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ryo ONODERA | ryoon@NetBSD.org | ||
| Atsushi Onoe | onoe@NetBSD.org | ||
| Greg Oster | oster@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jonathan Perkin | sketch@NetBSD.org | ||
| Fredrik Pettai | pettai@NetBSD.org | ||
| Herb Peyerl | hpeyerl@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matthias Pfaller | matthias@NetBSD.org | ||
| Chris Pinnock | cjep@NetBSD.org | ||
| Adrian Portelli | adrianp@NetBSD.org | ||
| Chris Provenzano | proven@NetBSD.org | ||
| Mindaugas Rasiukevicius | rmind@NetBSD.org | ||
| Michael Rauch | mrauch@NetBSD.org | ||
| Marc Recht | recht@NetBSD.org | ||
| Darren Reed | darrenr@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jeremy C. Reed | reed@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jens Rehsack | sno@NetBSD.org | ||
| Antoine Reilles | tonio@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tyler R. Retzlaff | rtr@NetBSD.org | ||
| Scott Reynolds | scottr@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tim Rightnour | garbled@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jeff Rizzo | riz@NetBSD.org | ||
| Hans Rosenfeld | hans@NetBSD.org | ||
| Steve Rumble | rumble@NetBSD.org | ||
| Rumko | rumko@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jukka Ruohonen | jruoho@NetBSD.org | ||
| Blair J. Sadewitz | bjs@NetBSD.org | ||
| David Sainty | dsainty@NetBSD.org | ||
| SAITOH Masanobu | msaitoh@NetBSD.org | ||
| Kazuki Sakamoto | sakamoto@NetBSD.org | ||
| Curt Sampson | cjs@NetBSD.org | ||
| Wilfredo Sanchez | wsanchez@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ty Sarna | tsarna@NetBSD.org | ||
| SATO Kazumi | sato@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jan Schaumann | jschauma@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matthias Scheler | tron@NetBSD.org | ||
| Silke Scheler | silke@NetBSD.org | ||
| Karl Schilke (rAT) | rat@NetBSD.org | ||
| Amitai Schlair | schmonz@NetBSD.org | ||
| Konrad Schroder | perseant@NetBSD.org | ||
| Georg Schwarz | schwarz@NetBSD.org | ||
| Lubomir Sedlacik | salo@NetBSD.org | ||
| Christopher SEKIYA | sekiya@NetBSD.org | ||
| Reed Shadgett | dent@NetBSD.org | ||
| John Shannon | shannonjr@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tim Shepard | shep@NetBSD.org | ||
| Naoto Shimazaki | igy@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ryo Shimizu | ryo@NetBSD.org | ||
| Takao Shinohara | shin@NetBSD.org | ||
| Takuya SHIOZAKI | tshiozak@NetBSD.org | ||
| Daniel Sieger | dsieger@NetBSD.org | ||
| Chuck Silvers | chs@NetBSD.org | ||
| Thor Lancelot Simon | tls@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jeff Smith | jeffs@NetBSD.org | ||
| Noriyuki Soda | soda@NetBSD.org | ||
| Wolfgang Solfrank | ws@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jörg Sonnenberger | joerg@NetBSD.org | ||
| Ignatios Souvatzis | is@NetBSD.org | ||
| T K Spindler | dogcow@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matthew Sporleder | mspo@NetBSD.org | ||
| Bill Squier | groo@NetBSD.org | ||
| Adrian Steinmann | ast@NetBSD.org | ||
| Bill Studenmund | wrstuden@NetBSD.org | ||
| Kevin Sullivan | sullivan@NetBSD.org | ||
| Kimmo Suominen | kim@NetBSD.org | ||
| Grégoire Sutre | gsutre@NetBSD.org | ||
| Sergey Svishchev | shattered@NetBSD.org | ||
| Robert Swindells | rjs@NetBSD.org | ||
| Shin Takemura | takemura@NetBSD.org | ||
| TAMURA Kent | kent@NetBSD.org | ||
| Shin'ichiro TAYA | taya@NetBSD.org | ||
| Hasso Tepper | hasso@NetBSD.org | ||
| Matt Thomas | matt@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jason Thorpe | thorpej@NetBSD.org | ||
| Christoph Toshok | toshok@NetBSD.org | ||
| Greg Troxel | gdt@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tsubai Masanari | tsubai@NetBSD.org | ||
| Izumi Tsutsui | tsutsui@NetBSD.org | ||
| UCHIYAMA Yasushi | uch@NetBSD.org | ||
| Masao Uebayashi | uebayasi@NetBSD.org | ||
| Shuichiro URATA | ur@NetBSD.org | ||
| Valeriy E. Ushakov | uwe@NetBSD.org | ||
| Todd Vierling | tv@NetBSD.org | ||
| Aymeric Vincent | aymeric@NetBSD.org | ||
| Paul Vixie | vixie@NetBSD.org | ||
| Mike M. Volokhov | mishka@NetBSD.org | ||
| Krister Walfridsson | kristerw@NetBSD.org | ||
| Mark Weinem | weinem@NetBSD.org | ||
| Lex Wennmacher | wennmach@NetBSD.org | ||
| Leo Weppelman | leo@NetBSD.org | ||
| Assar Westerlund | assar@NetBSD.org | ||
| Frank Wille | phx@NetBSD.org | ||
| Nathan Williams | nathanw@NetBSD.org | ||
| Rob Windsor | windsor@NetBSD.org | ||
| Jim Wise | jwise@NetBSD.org | ||
| Colin Wood | ender@NetBSD.org | ||
| Steve Woodford | scw@NetBSD.org | ||
| YAMAMOTO Takashi | yamt@NetBSD.org | ||
| Yuji Yamano | yyamano@NetBSD.org | ||
| David Young | dyoung@NetBSD.org | ||
| Arnaud Ysmal | stacktic@NetBSD.org | ||
| Reinoud Zandijk | reinoud@NetBSD.org | ||
| S.P.Zeidler | spz@NetBSD.org | ||
| Tim Zingelman | tez@NetBSD.org | ||
| Christos Zoulas | christos@NetBSD.org | ||
All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document:
NetBSD is a registered trademark of The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions
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Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in
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Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),
The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original
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Standard is the referee document.
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http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html.
This notice shall appear on any product containing this material