GCC 1 2006-05-06 gcc-4.1.1 GNU

NAME

gcc - GNU project C and C++ compiler

SYNOPSIS

gcc [--cc|--SS|--EE] [--ssttdd==_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d] [--gg] [--ppgg] [--OO_l_e_v_e_l] [--WW_w_a_r_n...] [--ppeeddaannttiicc] [--II_d_i_r...] [--LL_d_i_r...] [--DD_m_a_c_r_o[=_d_e_f_n]...] [--UU_m_a_c_r_o] [--ff_o_p_t_i_o_n...] [--mm_m_a_c_h_i_n_e_-_o_p_t_i_o_n...] [--oo _o_u_t_f_i_l_e] _i_n_f_i_l_e...

Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the remainder. gg++++ accepts mostly the same options as ggcccc.

DESCRIPTION

When you invoke GCC, it normally does preprocessing, compilation, assembly and linking. The "overall options" allow you to stop this process at an intermediate stage. For example, the --cc option says not to run the linker. Then the output consists of object files output by the assembler.

Other options are passed on to one stage of processing. Some options control the preprocessor and others the compiler itself. Yet other options control the assembler and linker; most of these are not documented here, since you rarely need to use any of them.

Most of the command line options that you can use with GCC are useful for C programs; when an option is only useful with another language (usually C++), the explanation says so explicitly. If the description for a particular option does not mention a source language, you can use that option with all supported languages.

The ggcccc program accepts options and file names as operands. Many options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter options may _n_o_t be grouped: --ddrr is very different from --dd --rr.

You can mix options and other arguments. For the most part, the order you use doesn't matter. Order does matter when you use several options of the same kind; for example, if you specify --LL more than once, the directories are searched in the order specified.

Many options have long names starting with --ff or with --WW---for example, --ffssttrreennggtthh--rreedduuccee, --WWffoorrmmaatt and so on. Most of these have both positive and negative forms; the negative form of --ffffoooo would be --ffnnoo--ffoooo. This manual documents only one of these two forms, whichever one is not the default.

OPTIONS


OOppttiioonn SSuummmmaarryy

Here is a summary of all the options, grouped by type. Explanations are in the following sections.

_O_v_e_r_a_l_l _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --cc --SS --EE --oo _f_i_l_e --ccoommbbiinnee --ppiippee --ppaassss--eexxiitt--ccooddeess <> --xx _l_a_n_g_u_a_g_e --vv --###### ----hheellpp ----ttaarrggeett--hheellpp ----vveerrssiioonn
_C _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --aannssii --ssttdd==_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d --aauuxx--iinnffoo _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
--ffnnoo--aassmm --ffnnoo--bbuuiillttiinn --ffnnoo--bbuuiillttiinn--_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n --ffhhoosstteedd --ffffrreeeessttaannddiinngg --ffmmss--eexxtteennssiioonnss --ttrriiggrraapphhss --nnoo--iinntteeggrraatteedd--ccpppp --ttrraaddiittiioonnaall --ttrraaddiittiioonnaall--ccpppp --ffaallllooww--ssiinnggllee--pprreecciissiioonn --ffccoonndd--mmiissmmaattcchh --ffssiiggnneedd--bbiittffiieellddss --ffssiiggnneedd--cchhaarr --ffuunnssiiggnneedd--bbiittffiieellddss --ffuunnssiiggnneedd--cchhaarr
_C_+_+ _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --ffaabbii--vveerrssiioonn==_n --ffnnoo--aacccceessss--ccoonnttrrooll --ffcchheecckk--nneeww <> --ffccoonnsseerrvvee--ssppaaccee --ffffrriieenndd--iinnjjeeccttiioonn --ffnnoo--ccoonnsstt--ssttrriinnggss --ffnnoo--eelliiddee--ccoonnssttrruuccttoorrss --ffnnoo--eennffoorrccee--eehh--ssppeeccss --ffffoorr--ssccooppee --ffnnoo--ffoorr--ssccooppee --ffnnoo--ggnnuu--kkeeyywwoorrddss --ffnnoo--iimmpplliicciitt--tteemmppllaatteess --ffnnoo--iimmpplliicciitt--iinnlliinnee--tteemmppllaatteess --ffnnoo--iimmpplleemmeenntt--iinnlliinneess --ffmmss--eexxtteennssiioonnss --ffnnoo--nnoonnaannssii--bbuuiillttiinnss --ffnnoo--ooppeerraattoorr--nnaammeess --ffnnoo--ooppttiioonnaall--ddiiaaggss --ffppeerrmmiissssiivvee --ffrreeppoo --ffnnoo--rrttttii --ffssttaattss --fftteemmppllaattee--ddeepptthh--_n --ffnnoo--tthhrreeaaddssaaffee--ssttaattiiccss --ffuussee--ccxxaa--aatteexxiitt --ffnnoo--wweeaakk --nnoossttddiinncc++++ --ffnnoo--ddeeffaauulltt--iinnlliinnee --ffvviissiibbiilliittyy--iinnlliinneess--hhiiddddeenn --WWaabbii --WWccttoorr--ddttoorr--pprriivvaaccyy --WWnnoonn--vviirrttuuaall--ddttoorr --WWrreeoorrddeerr --WWeeffffcc++++ --WWnnoo--ddeepprreeccaatteedd --WWssttrriicctt--nnuullll--sseennttiinneell --WWnnoo--nnoonn--tteemmppllaattee--ffrriieenndd --WWoolldd--ssttyyllee--ccaasstt --WWoovveerrllooaaddeedd--vviirrttuuaall --WWnnoo--ppmmff--ccoonnvveerrssiioonnss --WWssiiggnn--pprroommoo
_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_-_C _a_n_d _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_-_C_+_+ _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --ffccoonnssttaanntt--ssttrriinngg--ccllaassss==_c_l_a_s_s_-_n_a_m_e
--ffggnnuu--rruunnttiimmee --ffnneexxtt--rruunnttiimmee --ffnnoo--nniill--rreecceeiivveerrss --ffoobbjjcc--ccaallll--ccxxxx--ccddttoorrss --ffoobbjjcc--ddiirreecctt--ddiissppaattcchh --ffoobbjjcc--eexxcceeppttiioonnss --ffoobbjjcc--ggcc --ffrreeppllaaccee--oobbjjcc--ccllaasssseess --ffzzeerroo--lliinnkk --ggeenn--ddeeccllss --WWaassssiiggnn--iinntteerrcceepptt --WWnnoo--pprroottooccooll --WWsseelleeccttoorr --WWssttrriicctt--sseelleeccttoorr--mmaattcchh --WWuunnddeeccllaarreedd--sseelleeccttoorr
_L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e _I_n_d_e_p_e_n_d_e_n_t _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --ffmmeessssaaggee--lleennggtthh==_n
--ffddiiaaggnnoossttiiccss--sshhooww--llooccaattiioonn==[oonnccee|eevveerryy--lliinnee] -fdiagnostics-show-options
_W_a_r_n_i_n_g _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --ffssyynnttaaxx--oonnllyy --ppeeddaannttiicc --ppeeddaannttiicc--eerrrroorrss <> --ww --WWeexxttrraa --WWaallll --WWaaggggrreeggaattee--rreettuurrnn --WWnnoo--aattttrriibbuutteess --WWcc++++--ccoommppaatt --WWccaasstt--aalliiggnn --WWccaasstt--qquuaall --WWcchhaarr--ssuubbssccrriippttss --WWccoommmmeenntt --WWccoonnvveerrssiioonn --WWnnoo--ddeepprreeccaatteedd--ddeeccllaarraattiioonnss --WWddiissaabblleedd--ooppttiimmiizzaattiioonn --WWnnoo--ddiivv--bbyy--zzeerroo --WWnnoo--eennddiiff--llaabbeellss --WWeerrrroorr --WWeerrrroorr--iimmpplliicciitt--ffuunnccttiioonn--ddeeccllaarraattiioonn --WWffaattaall--eerrrroorrss --WWffllooaatt--eeqquuaall --WWffoorrmmaatt --WWffoorrmmaatt==22 --WWnnoo--ffoorrmmaatt--eexxttrraa--aarrggss --WWffoorrmmaatt--nnoonnlliitteerraall --WWffoorrmmaatt--sseeccuurriittyy --WWffoorrmmaatt--yy22kk --WWiimmpplliicciitt --WWiimmpplliicciitt--ffuunnccttiioonn--ddeeccllaarraattiioonn --WWiimmpplliicciitt--iinntt --WWiimmppoorrtt --WWnnoo--iimmppoorrtt --WWiinniitt--sseellff --WWiinnlliinnee --WWnnoo--iinntt--ttoo--ppooiinntteerr--ccaasstt --WWnnoo--iinnvvaalliidd--ooffffsseettooff --WWiinnvvaalliidd--ppcchh --WWllaarrggeerr--tthhaann--_l_e_n --WWuunnssaaffee--lloooopp--ooppttiimmiizzaattiioonnss --WWlloonngg--lloonngg --WWmmaaiinn --WWmmiissssiinngg--bbrraacceess --WWmmiissssiinngg--ffiieelldd--iinniittiiaalliizzeerrss --WWmmiissssiinngg--ffoorrmmaatt--aattttrriibbuuttee --WWmmiissssiinngg--iinncclluuddee--ddiirrss --WWmmiissssiinngg--nnoorreettuurrnn --WWnnoo--mmuullttiicchhaarr --WWnnoonnnnuullll --WWppaacckkeedd --WWppaaddddeedd --WWppaarreenntthheesseess --WWppooiinntteerr--aarriitthh --WWnnoo--ppooiinntteerr--ttoo--iinntt--ccaasstt --WWrreedduunnddaanntt--ddeeccllss --WWrreettuurrnn--ttyyppee --WWsseeqquueennccee--ppooiinntt --WWsshhaaddooww --WWssiiggnn--ccoommppaarree --WWssttaacckk--pprrootteeccttoorr --WWssttrriicctt--aalliiaassiinngg --WWssttrriicctt--aalliiaassiinngg==22 --WWsswwiittcchh --WWsswwiittcchh--ddeeffaauulltt --WWsswwiittcchh--eennuumm --WWssyysstteemm--hheeaaddeerrss --WWttrriiggrraapphhss --WWuunnddeeff --WWuunniinniittiiaalliizzeedd --WWuunnkknnoowwnn--pprraaggmmaass --WWnnoo--pprraaggmmaass --WWuunnrreeaacchhaabbllee--ccooddee --WWuunnuusseedd --WWuunnuusseedd--ffuunnccttiioonn --WWuunnuusseedd--llaabbeell --WWuunnuusseedd--ppaarraammeetteerr --WWuunnuusseedd--vvaalluuee --WWuunnuusseedd--vvaarriiaabbllee --WWvvaarriiaaddiicc--mmaaccrrooss --WWvvoollaattiillee--rreeggiisstteerr--vvaarr --WWwwrriittee--ssttrriinnggss
_C_-_o_n_l_y _W_a_r_n_i_n_g _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --WWbbaadd--ffuunnccttiioonn--ccaasstt --WWmmiissssiinngg--ddeeccllaarraattiioonnss <> --WWmmiissssiinngg--pprroottoottyyppeess --WWnneesstteedd--eexxtteerrnnss --WWoolldd--ssttyyllee--ddeeffiinniittiioonn --WWssttrriicctt--pprroottoottyyppeess --WWttrraaddiittiioonnaall --WWddeeccllaarraattiioonn--aafftteerr--ssttaatteemmeenntt --WWppooiinntteerr--ssiiggnn
_D_e_b_u_g_g_i_n_g _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --dd_l_e_t_t_e_r_s --dduummppssppeeccss --dduummppmmaacchhiinnee --dduummppvveerrssiioonn <> --ffdduummpp--uunnnnuummbbeerreedd --ffdduummpp--ttrraannssllaattiioonn--uunniitt[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ccllaassss--hhiieerraarrcchhyy[--_n] --ffdduummpp--iippaa--aallll --ffdduummpp--iippaa--ccggrraapphh --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--aallll --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--oorriiggiinnaall[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ooppttiimmiizzeedd[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--iinnlliinneedd[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ccffgg --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--vvccgg --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--aalliiaass --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--cchh --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ssssaa[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--pprree[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ccccpp[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ddccee[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ggiimmppllee[--rraaww] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--mmuuddffllaapp[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ddoomm[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ddssee[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--pphhiioopptt[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ffoorrwwpprroopp[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ccooppyyrreennaammee[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--nnrrvv --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--vveecctt --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ssiinnkk --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ssrraa[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ssaalliiaass --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ffrree[--_n] --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--vvrrpp[--_n] --ffttrreeee--vveeccttoorriizzeerr--vveerrbboossee==_n --ffdduummpp--ttrreeee--ssttoorreeccccpp[--_n] --ffeelliimmiinnaattee--ddwwaarrff22--dduuppss --ffeelliimmiinnaattee--uunnuusseedd--ddeebbuugg--ttyyppeess --ffeelliimmiinnaattee--uunnuusseedd--ddeebbuugg--ssyymmbboollss --ffmmeemm--rreeppoorrtt --ffpprrooffiillee--aarrccss --ffrraannddoomm--sseeeedd==_s_t_r_i_n_g --ffsscchheedd--vveerrbboossee==_n --fftteesstt--ccoovveerraaggee --ffttiimmee--rreeppoorrtt --ffvvaarr--ttrraacckkiinngg --gg --gg_l_e_v_e_l --ggccooffff --ggddwwaarrff--22 --ggggddbb --ggssttaabbss --ggssttaabbss++ --ggvvmmss --ggxxccooffff --ggxxccooffff++ --pp --ppgg --pprriinntt--ffiillee--nnaammee==_l_i_b_r_a_r_y --pprriinntt--lliibbggcccc--ffiillee--nnaammee --pprriinntt--mmuullttii--ddiirreeccttoorryy --pprriinntt--mmuullttii--lliibb --pprriinntt--pprroogg--nnaammee==_p_r_o_g_r_a_m --pprriinntt--sseeaarrcchh--ddiirrss --QQ --ssaavvee--tteemmppss --ttiimmee
_O_p_t_i_m_i_z_a_t_i_o_n _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --ffaalliiggnn--ffuunnccttiioonnss==_n --ffaalliiggnn--jjuummppss==_n
--ffaalliiggnn--llaabbeellss==_n --ffaalliiggnn--llooooppss==_n --ffbboouunnddss--cchheecckk --ffmmuuddffllaapp --ffmmuuddffllaapptthh --ffmmuuddffllaappiirr --ffbbrraanncchh--pprroobbaabbiilliittiieess --ffpprrooffiillee--vvaalluueess --ffvvpptt --ffbbrraanncchh--ttaarrggeett--llooaadd--ooppttiimmiizzee --ffbbrraanncchh--ttaarrggeett--llooaadd--ooppttiimmiizzee22 --ffbbttrr--bbbb--eexxcclluussiivvee --ffccaalllleerr--ssaavveess --ffccpprroopp--rreeggiisstteerrss --ffccssee--ffoollllooww--jjuummppss --ffccssee--sskkiipp--bblloocckkss --ffccxx--lliimmiitteedd--rraannggee --ffddaattaa--sseeccttiioonnss --ffddeellaayyeedd--bbrraanncchh --ffddeelleettee--nnuullll--ppooiinntteerr--cchheecckkss --ffeeaarrllyy--iinnlliinniinngg --ffeexxppeennssiivvee--ooppttiimmiizzaattiioonnss --ffffaasstt--mmaatthh --ffffllooaatt--ssttoorree --ffffoorrccee--aaddddrr --ffffuunnccttiioonn--sseeccttiioonnss --ffggccssee --ffggccssee--llmm --ffggccssee--ssmm --ffggccssee--llaass --ffggccssee--aafftteerr--rreellooaadd --fflloooopp--ooppttiimmiizzee --ffccrroossssjjuummppiinngg --ffiiff--ccoonnvveerrssiioonn --ffiiff--ccoonnvveerrssiioonn22 --ffiinnlliinnee--ffuunnccttiioonnss --ffiinnlliinnee--ffuunnccttiioonnss--ccaalllleedd--oonnccee --ffiinnlliinnee--lliimmiitt==_n --ffkkeeeepp--iinnlliinnee--ffuunnccttiioonnss --ffkkeeeepp--ssttaattiicc--ccoonnssttss --ffmmeerrggee--ccoonnssttaannttss --ffmmeerrggee--aallll--ccoonnssttaannttss --ffmmoodduulloo--sscchheedd --ffnnoo--bbrraanncchh--ccoouunntt--rreegg --ffnnoo--ddeeffaauulltt--iinnlliinnee --ffnnoo--ddeeffeerr--ppoopp --fflloooopp--ooppttiimmiizzee22 --ffmmoovvee--lloooopp--iinnvvaarriiaannttss --ffnnoo--ffuunnccttiioonn--ccssee --ffnnoo--gguueessss--bbrraanncchh--pprroobbaabbiilliittyy --ffnnoo--iinnlliinnee --ffnnoo--mmaatthh--eerrrrnnoo --ffnnoo--ppeeeepphhoollee --ffnnoo--ppeeeepphhoollee22 --ffuunnssaaffee--mmaatthh--ooppttiimmiizzaattiioonnss --ffuunnssaaffee--lloooopp--ooppttiimmiizzaattiioonnss --ffffiinniittee--mmaatthh--oonnllyy --ffnnoo--ttrraappppiinngg--mmaatthh --ffnnoo--zzeerroo--iinniittiiaalliizzeedd--iinn--bbssss --ffoommiitt--ffrraammee--ppooiinntteerr --ffooppttiimmiizzee--rreeggiisstteerr--mmoovvee --ffooppttiimmiizzee--ssiibblliinngg--ccaallllss --ffpprreeffeettcchh--lloooopp--aarrrraayyss --ffpprrooffiillee--ggeenneerraattee --ffpprrooffiillee--uussee --ffrreeggmmoovvee --ffrreennaammee--rreeggiisstteerrss --ffrreeoorrddeerr--bblloocckkss --ffrreeoorrddeerr--bblloocckkss--aanndd--ppaarrttiittiioonn --ffrreeoorrddeerr--ffuunnccttiioonnss --ffrreerruunn--ccssee--aafftteerr--lloooopp --ffrreerruunn--lloooopp--oopptt --ffrroouunnddiinngg--mmaatthh --ffsscchheedduullee--iinnssnnss --ffsscchheedduullee--iinnssnnss22 --ffnnoo--sscchheedd--iinntteerrbblloocckk --ffnnoo--sscchheedd--ssppeecc --ffsscchheedd--ssppeecc--llooaadd --ffsscchheedd--ssppeecc--llooaadd--ddaannggeerroouuss --ffsscchheedd--ssttaalllleedd--iinnssnnss==_n --ffsscchheedd--ssttaalllleedd--iinnssnnss--ddeepp==_n --ffsscchheedd22--uussee--ssuuppeerrbblloocckkss --ffsscchheedd22--uussee--ttrraacceess --ffrreesscchheedduullee--mmoodduulloo--sscchheedduulleedd--llooooppss --ffssiiggnnaalliinngg--nnaannss --ffssiinnggllee--pprreecciissiioonn--ccoonnssttaanntt --ffssttaacckk--pprrootteeccttoorr --ffssttaacckk--pprrootteeccttoorr--aallll --ffssttrreennggtthh--rreedduuccee --ffssttrriicctt--aalliiaassiinngg --ffttrraacceerr --fftthhrreeaadd--jjuummppss --ffuunnrroollll--aallll--llooooppss --ffuunnrroollll--llooooppss --ffppeeeell--llooooppss --ffsspplliitt--iivvss--iinn--uunnrroolllleerr --ffuunnsswwiittcchh--llooooppss --ffvvaarriiaabbllee--eexxppaannssiioonn--iinn--uunnrroolllleerr --ffttrreeee--pprree --ffttrreeee--ccccpp --ffttrreeee--ddccee --ffttrreeee--lloooopp--ooppttiimmiizzee --ffttrreeee--lloooopp--lliinneeaarr --ffttrreeee--lloooopp--iimm --ffttrreeee--lloooopp--iivvccaannoonn --ffiivvooppttss --ffttrreeee--ddoommiinnaattoorr--ooppttss --ffttrreeee--ddssee --ffttrreeee--ccooppyyrreennaammee --ffttrreeee--ssiinnkk --ffttrreeee--cchh --ffttrreeee--ssrraa --ffttrreeee--tteerr --ffttrreeee--llrrss --ffttrreeee--ffrree --ffttrreeee--vveeccttoorriizzee --ffttrreeee--vveecctt--lloooopp--vveerrssiioonn --ffttrreeee--ssaalliiaass --ffwweebb --ffttrreeee--ccooppyy--pprroopp --ffttrreeee--ssttoorree--ccccpp --ffttrreeee--ssttoorree--ccooppyy--pprroopp --ffwwhhoollee--pprrooggrraamm ----ppaarraamm _n_a_m_e==_v_a_l_u_e --OO --OO00 --OO11 --OO22 --OO33 --OOss
_P_r_e_p_r_o_c_e_s_s_o_r _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --AA_q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n==_a_n_s_w_e_r
--AA--_q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n[==_a_n_s_w_e_r] --CC --ddDD --ddII --ddMM --ddNN --DD_m_a_c_r_o[==_d_e_f_n] --EE --HH --iiddiirraafftteerr _d_i_r --iinncclluuddee _f_i_l_e --iimmaaccrrooss _f_i_l_e --iipprreeffiixx _f_i_l_e --iiwwiitthhpprreeffiixx _d_i_r --iiwwiitthhpprreeffiixxbbeeffoorree _d_i_r --iissyysstteemm _d_i_r --iissyyssrroooott _d_i_r --MM --MMMM --MMFF --MMGG --MMPP --MMQQ --MMTT --nnoossttddiinncc --PP --ffwwoorrkkiinngg--ddiirreeccttoorryy --rreemmaapp --ttrriiggrraapphhss --uunnddeeff --UU_m_a_c_r_o --WWpp,,_o_p_t_i_o_n --XXpprreepprroocceessssoorr _o_p_t_i_o_n
_A_s_s_e_m_b_l_e_r _O_p_t_i_o_n --WWaa,,_o_p_t_i_o_n --XXaasssseemmbblleerr _o_p_t_i_o_n
_L_i_n_k_e_r _O_p_t_i_o_n_s _o_b_j_e_c_t_-_f_i_l_e_-_n_a_m_e --ll_l_i_b_r_a_r_y
--nnoossttaarrttffiilleess --nnooddeeffaauullttlliibbss --nnoossttddlliibb --ppiiee --rrddyynnaammiicc --ss --ssttaattiicc --ssttaattiicc--lliibbggcccc --sshhaarreedd --sshhaarreedd--lliibbggcccc --ssyymmbboolliicc --WWll,,_o_p_t_i_o_n --XXlliinnkkeerr _o_p_t_i_o_n --uu _s_y_m_b_o_l
_D_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --BB_p_r_e_f_i_x --II_d_i_r --iiqquuoottee_d_i_r --LL_d_i_r
--ssppeeccss==_f_i_l_e --II-- ----ssyyssrroooott==_d_i_r
_T_a_r_g_e_t _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --VV _v_e_r_s_i_o_n --bb _m_a_c_h_i_n_e
_M_a_c_h_i_n_e _D_e_p_e_n_d_e_n_t _O_p_t_i_o_n_s _A_R_C _O_p_t_i_o_n_s
--EEBB --EELL --mmmmaannggllee--ccppuu --mmccppuu==_c_p_u --mmtteexxtt==_t_e_x_t_-_s_e_c_t_i_o_n --mmddaattaa==_d_a_t_a_-_s_e_c_t_i_o_n --mmrrooddaattaa==_r_e_a_d_o_n_l_y_-_d_a_t_a_-_s_e_c_t_i_o_n

_A_R_M _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmaappccss--ffrraammee --mmnnoo--aappccss--ffrraammee --mmaabbii==_n_a_m_e --mmaappccss--ssttaacckk--cchheecckk --mmnnoo--aappccss--ssttaacckk--cchheecckk --mmaappccss--ffllooaatt --mmnnoo--aappccss--ffllooaatt --mmaappccss--rreeeennttrraanntt --mmnnoo--aappccss--rreeeennttrraanntt --mmsscchheedd--pprroolloogg --mmnnoo--sscchheedd--pprroolloogg --mmlliittttllee--eennddiiaann --mmbbiigg--eennddiiaann --mmwwoorrddss--lliittttllee--eennddiiaann --mmffllooaatt--aabbii==_n_a_m_e --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmhhaarrdd--ffllooaatt --mmffppee --mmtthhuummbb--iinntteerrwwoorrkk --mmnnoo--tthhuummbb--iinntteerrwwoorrkk --mmccppuu==_n_a_m_e --mmaarrcchh==_n_a_m_e --mmffppuu==_n_a_m_e --mmssttrruuccttuurree--ssiizzee--bboouunnddaarryy==_n --mmaabboorrtt--oonn--nnoorreettuurrnn --mmlloonngg--ccaallllss --mmnnoo--lloonngg--ccaallllss --mmssiinnggllee--ppiicc--bbaassee --mmnnoo--ssiinnggllee--ppiicc--bbaassee --mmppiicc--rreeggiisstteerr==_r_e_g --mmnnoopp--ffuunn--ddlllliimmppoorrtt --mmcciirrrruuss--ffiixx--iinnvvaalliidd--iinnssnnss --mmnnoo--cciirrrruuss--ffiixx--iinnvvaalliidd--iinnssnnss --mmppookkee--ffuunnccttiioonn--nnaammee --mmtthhuummbb --mmaarrmm --mmttppccss--ffrraammee --mmttppccss--lleeaaff--ffrraammee --mmccaalllleerr--ssuuppeerr--iinntteerrwwoorrkkiinngg --mmccaalllleeee--ssuuppeerr--iinntteerrwwoorrkkiinngg --mmttpp==_n_a_m_e

_A_V_R _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmmmccuu==_m_c_u --mmssiizzee --mmiinniitt--ssttaacckk==_n --mmnnoo--iinntteerrrruuppttss --mmccaallll--pprroolloogguueess --mmnnoo--ttaabblleejjuummpp --mmttiinnyy--ssttaacckk --mmiinntt88

_B_l_a_c_k_f_i_n _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmoommiitt--lleeaaff--ffrraammee--ppooiinntteerr --mmnnoo--oommiitt--lleeaaff--ffrraammee--ppooiinntteerr --mmssppeecclldd--aannoommaallyy --mmnnoo--ssppeecclldd--aannoommaallyy --mmccssyynncc--aannoommaallyy --mmnnoo--ccssyynncc--aannoommaallyy --mmllooww--6644kk --mmnnoo--llooww6644kk --mmiidd--sshhaarreedd--lliibbrraarryy --mmnnoo--iidd--sshhaarreedd--lliibbrraarryy --mmsshhaarreedd--lliibbrraarryy--iidd==_n --mmlloonngg--ccaallllss --mmnnoo--lloonngg--ccaallllss

_C_R_I_S _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmccppuu==_c_p_u --mmaarrcchh==_c_p_u --mmttuunnee==_c_p_u --mmmmaaxx--ssttaacckk--ffrraammee==_n --mmeelliinnuuxx--ssttaacckkssiizzee==_n --mmeettrraaxx44 --mmeettrraaxx110000 --mmppddeebbuugg --mmcccc--iinniitt --mmnnoo--ssiiddee--eeffffeeccttss --mmssttaacckk--aalliiggnn --mmddaattaa--aalliiggnn --mmccoonnsstt--aalliiggnn --mm3322--bbiitt --mm1166--bbiitt --mm88--bbiitt --mmnnoo--pprroolloogguuee--eeppiilloogguuee --mmnnoo--ggoottpplltt --mmeellff --mmaaoouutt --mmeelliinnuuxx --mmlliinnuuxx --ssiimm --ssiimm22 --mmmmuull--bbuugg--wwoorrkkaarroouunndd --mmnnoo--mmuull--bbuugg--wwoorrkkaarroouunndd

_C_R_X _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmmmaacc --mmppuusshh--aarrggss

_D_a_r_w_i_n _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --aallll__llooaadd --aalllloowwaabbllee__cclliieenntt --aarrcchh --aarrcchh__eerrrroorrss__ffaattaall --aarrcchh__oonnllyy --bbiinndd__aatt__llooaadd --bbuunnddllee --bbuunnddllee__llooaaddeerr --cclliieenntt__nnaammee --ccoommppaattiibbiilliittyy__vveerrssiioonn --ccuurrrreenntt__vveerrssiioonn --ddeeaadd__ssttrriipp --ddeeppeennddeennccyy--ffiillee --ddyylliibb__ffiillee --ddyylliinnkkeerr__iinnssttaallll__nnaammee --ddyynnaammiicc --ddyynnaammiicclliibb --eexxppoorrtteedd__ssyymmbboollss__lliisstt --ffiilleelliisstt --ffllaatt__nnaammeessppaaccee --ffoorrccee__ccppuussuubbttyyppee__AALLLL --ffoorrccee__ffllaatt__nnaammeessppaaccee --hheeaaddeerrppaadd__mmaaxx__iinnssttaallll__nnaammeess --iimmaaggee__bbaassee --iinniitt --iinnssttaallll__nnaammee --kkeeeepp__pprriivvaattee__eexxtteerrnnss --mmuullttii__mmoodduullee --mmuullttiippllyy__ddeeffiinneedd --mmuullttiippllyy__ddeeffiinneedd__uunnuusseedd --nnooaallll__llooaadd --nnoo__ddeeaadd__ssttrriipp__iinniittss__aanndd__tteerrmmss --nnooffiixxpprreebbiinnddiinngg --nnoommuullttiiddeeffss --nnoopprreebbiinndd --nnoosseegglliinnkkeeddiitt --ppaaggeezzeerroo__ssiizzee --pprreebbiinndd --pprreebbiinndd__aallll__ttwwoolleevveell__mmoodduulleess --pprriivvaattee__bbuunnddllee --rreeaadd__oonnllyy__rreellooccss --sseeccttaalliiggnn --sseeccttoobbjjeeccttssyymmbboollss --wwhhyyllooaadd --sseegg11aaddddrr --sseeccttccrreeaattee --sseeccttoobbjjeeccttssyymmbboollss --sseeccttoorrddeerr --sseeggaaddddrr --sseeggss__rreeaadd__oonnllyy__aaddddrr --sseeggss__rreeaadd__wwrriittee__aaddddrr --sseegg__aaddddrr__ttaabbllee --sseegg__aaddddrr__ttaabbllee__ffiilleennaammee --sseegglliinnkkeeddiitt --sseeggpprroott --sseeggss__rreeaadd__oonnllyy__aaddddrr --sseeggss__rreeaadd__wwrriittee__aaddddrr --ssiinnggllee__mmoodduullee --ssttaattiicc --ssuubb__lliibbrraarryy --ssuubb__uummbbrreellllaa --ttwwoolleevveell__nnaammeessppaaccee --uummbbrreellllaa --uunnddeeffiinneedd --uunneexxppoorrtteedd__ssyymmbboollss__lliisstt --wweeaakk__rreeffeerreennccee__mmiissmmaattcchheess --wwhhaattssllooaaddeedd --FF --gguusseedd --ggffuullll --mmmmaaccoossxx--vveerrssiioonn--mmiinn==_v_e_r_s_i_o_n --mmoonnee--bbyyttee--bbooooll

_D_E_C _A_l_p_h_a _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmnnoo--ffpp--rreeggss --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmaallpphhaa--aass --mmggaass --mmiieeeeee --mmiieeeeee--wwiitthh--iinneexxaacctt --mmiieeeeee--ccoonnffoorrmmaanntt --mmffpp--ttrraapp--mmooddee==_m_o_d_e --mmffpp--rroouunnddiinngg--mmooddee==_m_o_d_e --mmttrraapp--pprreecciissiioonn==_m_o_d_e --mmbbuuiilldd--ccoonnssttaannttss --mmccppuu==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmttuunnee==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmbbwwxx --mmmmaaxx --mmffiixx --mmcciixx --mmffllooaatt--vvaaxx --mmffllooaatt--iieeeeee --mmeexxpplliicciitt--rreellooccss --mmssmmaallll--ddaattaa --mmllaarrggee--ddaattaa --mmssmmaallll--tteexxtt --mmllaarrggee--tteexxtt --mmmmeemmoorryy--llaatteennccyy==_t_i_m_e

_D_E_C _A_l_p_h_a_/_V_M_S _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmvvmmss--rreettuurrnn--ccooddeess

_F_R_V _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmggpprr--3322 --mmggpprr--6644 --mmffpprr--3322 --mmffpprr--6644 --mmhhaarrdd--ffllooaatt --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmaalllloocc--cccc --mmffiixxeedd--cccc --mmddwwoorrdd --mmnnoo--ddwwoorrdd --mmddoouubbllee --mmnnoo--ddoouubbllee --mmmmeeddiiaa --mmnnoo--mmeeddiiaa --mmmmuullaadddd --mmnnoo--mmuullaadddd --mmffddppiicc --mmiinnlliinnee--pplltt --mmggpprreell--rroo --mmuullttiilliibb--lliibbrraarryy--ppiicc --mmlliinnkkeedd--ffpp --mmlloonngg--ccaallllss --mmaalliiggnn--llaabbeellss --mmlliibbrraarryy--ppiicc --mmaacccc--44 --mmaacccc--88 --mmppaacckk --mmnnoo--ppaacckk --mmnnoo--eeffllaaggss --mmccoonndd--mmoovvee --mmnnoo--ccoonndd--mmoovvee --mmooppttiimmiizzee--mmeemmbbaarr --mmnnoo--ooppttiimmiizzee--mmeemmbbaarr --mmsscccc --mmnnoo--sscccc --mmccoonndd--eexxeecc --mmnnoo--ccoonndd--eexxeecc --mmvvlliiww--bbrraanncchh --mmnnoo--vvlliiww--bbrraanncchh --mmmmuullttii--ccoonndd--eexxeecc --mmnnoo--mmuullttii--ccoonndd--eexxeecc --mmnneesstteedd--ccoonndd--eexxeecc --mmnnoo--nneesstteedd--ccoonndd--eexxeecc --mmttoommccaatt--ssttaattss --mmTTLLSS --mmttllss --mmccppuu==_c_p_u

_H_8_/_3_0_0 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmrreellaaxx --mmhh --mmss --mmnn --mmiinntt3322 --mmaalliiggnn--330000

_H_P_P_A _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmaarrcchh==_a_r_c_h_i_t_e_c_t_u_r_e_-_t_y_p_e --mmbbiigg--sswwiittcchh --mmddiissaabbllee--ffpprreeggss --mmddiissaabbllee--iinnddeexxiinngg --mmffaasstt--iinnddiirreecctt--ccaallllss --mmggaass --mmggnnuu--lldd --mmhhpp--lldd --mmffiixxeedd--rraannggee==_r_e_g_i_s_t_e_r_-_r_a_n_g_e --mmjjuummpp--iinn--ddeellaayy --mmlliinnkkeerr--oopptt --mmlloonngg--ccaallllss --mmlloonngg--llooaadd--ssttoorree --mmnnoo--bbiigg--sswwiittcchh --mmnnoo--ddiissaabbllee--ffpprreeggss --mmnnoo--ddiissaabbllee--iinnddeexxiinngg --mmnnoo--ffaasstt--iinnddiirreecctt--ccaallllss --mmnnoo--ggaass --mmnnoo--jjuummpp--iinn--ddeellaayy --mmnnoo--lloonngg--llooaadd--ssttoorree --mmnnoo--ppoorrttaabbllee--rruunnttiimmee --mmnnoo--ssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmnnoo--ssppaaccee--rreeggss --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmppaa--rriisscc--11--00 --mmppaa--rriisscc--11--11 --mmppaa--rriisscc--22--00 --mmppoorrttaabbllee--rruunnttiimmee --mmsscchheedduullee==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmssppaaccee--rreeggss --mmssiioo --mmwwssiioo --mmuunniixx==_u_n_i_x_-_s_t_d --nnoolliibbddlldd --ssttaattiicc --tthhrreeaaddss

_i_3_8_6 _a_n_d _x_8_6_-_6_4 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmttuunnee==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmaarrcchh==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmffppmmaatthh==_u_n_i_t --mmaassmm==_d_i_a_l_e_c_t --mmnnoo--ffaannccyy--mmaatthh--338877 --mmnnoo--ffpp--rreett--iinn--338877 --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmssvvrr33--sshhlliibb --mmnnoo--wwiiddee--mmuullttiippllyy --mmrrttdd --mmaalliiggnn--ddoouubbllee --mmpprreeffeerrrreedd--ssttaacckk--bboouunnddaarryy==_n_u_m --mmmmmmxx --mmssssee --mmssssee22 --mmssssee33 --mm33ddnnooww --mmtthhrreeaaddss --mmnnoo--aalliiggnn--ssttrriinnggooppss --mmiinnlliinnee--aallll--ssttrriinnggooppss --mmppuusshh--aarrggss --mmaaccccuummuullaattee--oouuttggooiinngg--aarrggss --mm112288bbiitt--lloonngg--ddoouubbllee --mm9966bbiitt--lloonngg--ddoouubbllee --mmrreeggppaarrmm==_n_u_m --mmsssseerreeggppaarrmm --mmoommiitt--lleeaaff--ffrraammee--ppooiinntteerr --mmnnoo--rreedd--zzoonnee --mmnnoo--ttllss--ddiirreecctt--sseegg--rreeffss --mmccmmooddeell==_c_o_d_e_-_m_o_d_e_l --mm3322 --mm6644 --mmllaarrggee--ddaattaa--tthhrreesshhoolldd==_n_u_m

_I_A_-_6_4 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmbbiigg--eennddiiaann --mmlliittttllee--eennddiiaann --mmggnnuu--aass --mmggnnuu--lldd --mmnnoo--ppiicc --mmvvoollaattiillee--aassmm--ssttoopp --mmrreeggiisstteerr--nnaammeess --mmnnoo--ssddaattaa --mmccoonnssttaanntt--ggpp --mmaauuttoo--ppiicc --mmiinnlliinnee--ffllooaatt--ddiivviiddee--mmiinn--llaatteennccyy --mmiinnlliinnee--ffllooaatt--ddiivviiddee--mmaaxx--tthhrroouugghhppuutt --mmiinnlliinnee--iinntt--ddiivviiddee--mmiinn--llaatteennccyy --mmiinnlliinnee--iinntt--ddiivviiddee--mmaaxx--tthhrroouugghhppuutt --mmiinnlliinnee--ssqqrrtt--mmiinn--llaatteennccyy --mmiinnlliinnee--ssqqrrtt--mmaaxx--tthhrroouugghhppuutt --mmnnoo--ddwwaarrff22--aassmm --mmeeaarrllyy--ssttoopp--bbiittss --mmffiixxeedd--rraannggee==_r_e_g_i_s_t_e_r_-_r_a_n_g_e --mmttllss--ssiizzee==_t_l_s_-_s_i_z_e --mmttuunnee==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmtt --pptthhrreeaadd --mmiillpp3322 --mmllpp6644

_M_3_2_R_/_D _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mm3322rr22 --mm3322rrxx --mm3322rr --mmddeebbuugg --mmaalliiggnn--llooooppss --mmnnoo--aalliiggnn--llooooppss --mmiissssuuee--rraattee==_n_u_m_b_e_r --mmbbrraanncchh--ccoosstt==_n_u_m_b_e_r --mmmmooddeell==_c_o_d_e_-_s_i_z_e_-_m_o_d_e_l_-_t_y_p_e --mmssddaattaa==_s_d_a_t_a_-_t_y_p_e --mmnnoo--fflluusshh--ffuunncc --mmfflluusshh--ffuunncc==_n_a_m_e --mmnnoo--fflluusshh--ttrraapp --mmfflluusshh--ttrraapp==_n_u_m_b_e_r --GG _n_u_m

_M_3_2_C _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmccppuu==_c_p_u --mmssiimm --mmeemmrreeggss==_n_u_m_b_e_r

_M_6_8_0_x_0 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mm6688000000 --mm6688002200 --mm6688002200--4400 --mm6688002200--6600 --mm6688003300 --mm6688004400 --mm6688006600 --mmccppuu3322 --mm55220000 --mm6688888811 --mmbbiittffiieelldd --mmcc6688000000 --mmcc6688002200 --mmnnoobbiittffiieelldd --mmrrttdd --mmsshhoorrtt --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmppccrreell --mmaalliiggnn--iinntt --mmssttrriicctt--aalliiggnn --mmsseepp--ddaattaa --mmnnoo--sseepp--ddaattaa --mmsshhaarreedd--lliibbrraarryy--iidd==nn --mmiidd--sshhaarreedd--lliibbrraarryy --mmnnoo--iidd--sshhaarreedd--lliibbrraarryy

_M_6_8_h_c_1_x _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mm66881111 --mm66881122 --mm6688hhcc1111 --mm6688hhcc1122 --mm6688hhccss1122 --mmaauuttoo--iinnccddeecc --mmiinnmmaaxx --mmlloonngg--ccaallllss --mmsshhoorrtt --mmssoofftt--rreegg--ccoouunntt==_c_o_u_n_t

_M_C_o_r_e _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmhhaarrddlliitt --mmnnoo--hhaarrddlliitt --mmddiivv --mmnnoo--ddiivv --mmrreellaaxx--iimmmmeeddiiaatteess --mmnnoo--rreellaaxx--iimmmmeeddiiaatteess --mmwwiiddee--bbiittffiieellddss --mmnnoo--wwiiddee--bbiittffiieellddss --mm44bbyyttee--ffuunnccttiioonnss --mmnnoo--44bbyyttee--ffuunnccttiioonnss --mmccaallllggrraapphh--ddaattaa --mmnnoo--ccaallllggrraapphh--ddaattaa --mmssllooww--bbyytteess --mmnnoo--ssllooww--bbyytteess --mmnnoo--llssiimm --mmlliittttllee--eennddiiaann --mmbbiigg--eennddiiaann --mm221100 --mm334400 --mmssttaacckk--iinnccrreemmeenntt

_M_I_P_S _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --EELL --EEBB --mmaarrcchh==_a_r_c_h --mmttuunnee==_a_r_c_h --mmiippss11 --mmiippss22 --mmiippss33 --mmiippss44 --mmiippss3322 --mmiippss3322rr22 --mmiippss6644 --mmiippss1166 --mmnnoo--mmiippss1166 --mmaabbii==_a_b_i --mmaabbiiccaallllss --mmnnoo--aabbiiccaallllss --mmxxggoott --mmnnoo--xxggoott --mmggpp3322 --mmggpp6644 --mmffpp3322 --mmffpp6644 --mmhhaarrdd--ffllooaatt --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmssiinnggllee--ffllooaatt --mmddoouubbllee--ffllooaatt --mmddsspp --mmppaaiirreedd--ssiinnggllee --mmiippss33dd --mmlloonngg6644 --mmlloonngg3322 --mmssyymm3322 --mmnnoo--ssyymm3322 --GG_n_u_m --mmeemmbbeeddddeedd--ddaattaa --mmnnoo--eemmbbeeddddeedd--ddaattaa --mmuunniinniitt--ccoonnsstt--iinn--rrooddaattaa --mmnnoo--uunniinniitt--ccoonnsstt--iinn--rrooddaattaa --mmsspplliitt--aaddddrreesssseess --mmnnoo--sspplliitt--aaddddrreesssseess --mmeexxpplliicciitt--rreellooccss --mmnnoo--eexxpplliicciitt--rreellooccss --mmcchheecckk--zzeerroo--ddiivviissiioonn --mmnnoo--cchheecckk--zzeerroo--ddiivviissiioonn --mmddiivviiddee--ttrraappss --mmddiivviiddee--bbrreeaakkss --mmmmeemmccppyy --mmnnoo--mmeemmccppyy --mmlloonngg--ccaallllss --mmnnoo--lloonngg--ccaallllss --mmmmaadd --mmnnoo--mmaadd --mmffuusseedd--mmaadddd --mmnnoo--ffuusseedd--mmaadddd --nnooccpppp --mmffiixx--rr44000000 --mmnnoo--ffiixx--rr44000000 --mmffiixx--rr44440000 --mmnnoo--ffiixx--rr44440000 --mmffiixx--vvrr44112200 --mmnnoo--ffiixx--vvrr44112200 --mmffiixx--vvrr44113300 --mmffiixx--ssbb11 --mmnnoo--ffiixx--ssbb11 --mmfflluusshh--ffuunncc==_f_u_n_c --mmnnoo--fflluusshh--ffuunncc --mmbbrraanncchh--lliikkeellyy --mmnnoo--bbrraanncchh--lliikkeellyy --mmffpp--eexxcceeppttiioonnss --mmnnoo--ffpp--eexxcceeppttiioonnss --mmvvrr44113300--aalliiggnn --mmnnoo--vvrr44113300--aalliiggnn

_M_M_I_X _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmlliibbffuunnccss --mmnnoo--lliibbffuunnccss --mmeeppssiilloonn --mmnnoo--eeppssiilloonn --mmaabbii==ggnnuu --mmaabbii==mmmmiixxwwaarree --mmzzeerroo--eexxtteenndd --mmkknnuutthhddiivv --mmttoopplleevveell--ssyymmbboollss --mmeellff --mmbbrraanncchh--pprreeddiicctt --mmnnoo--bbrraanncchh--pprreeddiicctt --mmbbaassee--aaddddrreesssseess --mmnnoo--bbaassee--aaddddrreesssseess --mmssiinnggllee--eexxiitt --mmnnoo--ssiinnggllee--eexxiitt

_M_N_1_0_3_0_0 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmmmuulltt--bbuugg --mmnnoo--mmuulltt--bbuugg --mmaamm3333 --mmnnoo--aamm3333 --mmaamm3333--22 --mmnnoo--aamm3333--22 --mmrreettuurrnn--ppooiinntteerr--oonn--dd00 --mmnnoo--ccrrtt00 --mmrreellaaxx

_M_T _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmnnoo--ccrrtt00 --mmbbaacccc --mmssiimm --mmaarrcchh==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e

_P_D_P_-_1_1 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmffppuu --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmaacc00 --mmnnoo--aacc00 --mm4400 --mm4455 --mm1100 --mmbbccooppyy --mmbbccooppyy--bbuuiillttiinn --mmiinntt3322 --mmnnoo--iinntt1166 --mmiinntt1166 --mmnnoo--iinntt3322 --mmffllooaatt3322 --mmnnoo--ffllooaatt6644 --mmffllooaatt6644 --mmnnoo--ffllooaatt3322 --mmaabbsshhii --mmnnoo--aabbsshhii --mmbbrraanncchh--eexxppeennssiivvee --mmbbrraanncchh--cchheeaapp --mmsspplliitt --mmnnoo--sspplliitt --mmuunniixx--aassmm --mmddeecc--aassmm

_P_o_w_e_r_P_C _O_p_t_i_o_n_s See RS/6000 and PowerPC Options.

_R_S_/_6_0_0_0 _a_n_d _P_o_w_e_r_P_C _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmccppuu==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmttuunnee==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmppoowweerr --mmnnoo--ppoowweerr --mmppoowweerr22 --mmnnoo--ppoowweerr22 --mmppoowweerrppcc --mmppoowweerrppcc6644 --mmnnoo--ppoowweerrppcc --mmaallttiivveecc --mmnnoo--aallttiivveecc --mmppoowweerrppcc--ggppoopptt --mmnnoo--ppoowweerrppcc--ggppoopptt --mmppoowweerrppcc--ggffxxoopptt --mmnnoo--ppoowweerrppcc--ggffxxoopptt --mmmmffccrrff --mmnnoo--mmffccrrff --mmppooppccnnttbb --mmnnoo--ppooppccnnttbb --mmffpprrnndd --mmnnoo--ffpprrnndd --mmnneeww--mmnneemmoonniiccss --mmoolldd--mmnneemmoonniiccss --mmffuullll--ttoocc --mmmmiinniimmaall--ttoocc --mmnnoo--ffpp--iinn--ttoocc --mmnnoo--ssuumm--iinn--ttoocc --mm6644 --mm3322 --mmxxll--ccoommppaatt --mmnnoo--xxll--ccoommppaatt --mmppee --mmaalliiggnn--ppoowweerr --mmaalliiggnn--nnaattuurraall --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmhhaarrdd--ffllooaatt --mmmmuullttiippllee --mmnnoo--mmuullttiippllee --mmssttrriinngg --mmnnoo--ssttrriinngg --mmuuppddaattee --mmnnoo--uuppddaattee --mmffuusseedd--mmaadddd --mmnnoo--ffuusseedd--mmaadddd --mmbbiitt--aalliiggnn --mmnnoo--bbiitt--aalliiggnn --mmssttrriicctt--aalliiggnn --mmnnoo--ssttrriicctt--aalliiggnn --mmrreellooccaattaabbllee --mmnnoo--rreellooccaattaabbllee --mmrreellooccaattaabbllee--lliibb --mmnnoo--rreellooccaattaabbllee--lliibb --mmttoocc --mmnnoo--ttoocc --mmlliittttllee --mmlliittttllee--eennddiiaann --mmbbiigg --mmbbiigg--eennddiiaann --mmddyynnaammiicc--nnoo--ppiicc --mmaallttiivveecc --mmsswwddiivv --mmpprriioorriittiizzee--rreessttrriicctteedd--iinnssnnss==_p_r_i_o_r_i_t_y --mmsscchheedd--ccoossttllyy--ddeepp==_d_e_p_e_n_d_e_n_c_e___t_y_p_e --mmiinnsseerrtt--sscchheedd--nnooppss==_s_c_h_e_m_e --mmccaallll--ssyyssvv --mmccaallll--nneettbbssdd --mmaaiixx--ssttrruucctt--rreettuurrnn --mmssvvrr44--ssttrruucctt--rreettuurrnn --mmaabbii==_a_b_i_-_t_y_p_e --mmsseeccuurree--pplltt --mmbbssss--pplltt --mmiisseell --mmnnoo--iisseell --mmiisseell==yyeess --mmiisseell==nnoo --mmssppee --mmnnoo--ssppee --mmssppee==yyeess --mmssppee==nnoo --mmvvrrssaavvee --mmnnoo--vvrrssaavvee --mmffllooaatt--ggpprrss==yyeess --mmffllooaatt--ggpprrss==nnoo --mmffllooaatt--ggpprrss==ssiinnggllee --mmffllooaatt--ggpprrss==ddoouubbllee --mmpprroottoottyyppee --mmnnoo--pprroottoottyyppee --mmssiimm --mmmmvvmmee --mmaaddss --mmyyeelllloowwkknniiffee --mmeemmbb --mmssddaattaa --mmssddaattaa==_o_p_t --mmvvxxwwoorrkkss --mmwwiinnddiissss --GG _n_u_m --pptthhrreeaadd

_S_/_3_9_0 _a_n_d _z_S_e_r_i_e_s _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmttuunnee==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmaarrcchh==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmhhaarrdd--ffllooaatt --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmlloonngg--ddoouubbllee--6644 --mmlloonngg--ddoouubbllee--112288 --mmbbaacckkcchhaaiinn --mmnnoo--bbaacckkcchhaaiinn --mmppaacckkeedd--ssttaacckk --mmnnoo--ppaacckkeedd--ssttaacckk --mmssmmaallll--eexxeecc --mmnnoo--ssmmaallll--eexxeecc --mmmmvvccllee --mmnnoo--mmvvccllee --mm6644 --mm3311 --mmddeebbuugg --mmnnoo--ddeebbuugg --mmeessaa --mmzzaarrcchh --mmttppff--ttrraaccee --mmnnoo--ttppff--ttrraaccee --mmffuusseedd--mmaadddd --mmnnoo--ffuusseedd--mmaadddd --mmwwaarrnn--ffrraammeessiizzee --mmwwaarrnn--ddyynnaammiiccssttaacckk --mmssttaacckk--ssiizzee --mmssttaacckk--gguuaarrdd

_S_H _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mm11 --mm22 --mm22ee --mm33 --mm33ee --mm44--nnooffppuu --mm44--ssiinnggllee--oonnllyy --mm44--ssiinnggllee --mm44 --mm44aa--nnooffppuu --mm44aa--ssiinnggllee--oonnllyy --mm44aa--ssiinnggllee --mm44aa --mm44aall --mm55--6644mmeeddiiaa --mm55--6644mmeeddiiaa--nnooffppuu --mm55--3322mmeeddiiaa --mm55--3322mmeeddiiaa--nnooffppuu --mm55--ccoommppaacctt --mm55--ccoommppaacctt--nnooffppuu --mmbb --mmll --mmddaalliiggnn --mmrreellaaxx --mmbbiiggttaabbllee --mmffmmoovvdd --mmhhiittaacchhii --mmrreenneessaass --mmnnoo--rreenneessaass --mmnnoommaaccssaavvee --mmiieeeeee --mmiissiizzee --mmppaaddssttrruucctt --mmssppaaccee --mmpprreeffeerrggoott --mmuusseerrmmooddee --mmuullttccoosstt==_n_u_m_b_e_r --mmddiivv==_s_t_r_a_t_e_g_y --mmddiivvssii33__lliibbffuunncc==_n_a_m_e --mmaaddjjuusstt--uunnrroollll --mmiinnddeexxeedd--aaddddrreessssiinngg --mmggeettttrrccoosstt==_n_u_m_b_e_r --mmpptt--ffiixxeedd --mmiinnvvaalliidd--ssyymmbboollss

_S_P_A_R_C _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmccppuu==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmttuunnee==_c_p_u_-_t_y_p_e --mmccmmooddeell==_c_o_d_e_-_m_o_d_e_l --mm3322 --mm6644 --mmaapppp--rreeggss --mmnnoo--aapppp--rreeggss --mmffaasstteerr--ssttrruuccttss --mmnnoo--ffaasstteerr--ssttrruuccttss --mmffppuu --mmnnoo--ffppuu --mmhhaarrdd--ffllooaatt --mmssoofftt--ffllooaatt --mmhhaarrdd--qquuaadd--ffllooaatt --mmssoofftt--qquuaadd--ffllooaatt --mmiimmppuurree--tteexxtt --mmnnoo--iimmppuurree--tteexxtt --mmlliittttllee--eennddiiaann --mmssttaacckk--bbiiaass --mmnnoo--ssttaacckk--bbiiaass --mmuunnaalliiggnneedd--ddoouubblleess --mmnnoo--uunnaalliiggnneedd--ddoouubblleess --mmvv88pplluuss --mmnnoo--vv88pplluuss --mmvviiss --mmnnoo--vviiss --tthhrreeaaddss --pptthhrreeaaddss --pptthhrreeaadd

_S_y_s_t_e_m _V _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --QQyy --QQnn --YYPP,,_p_a_t_h_s --YYmm,,_d_i_r

_T_M_S_3_2_0_C_3_x_/_C_4_x _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmccppuu==_c_p_u --mmbbiigg --mmssmmaallll --mmrreeggppaarrmm --mmmmeemmppaarrmm --mmffaasstt--ffiixx --mmmmppyyii --mmbbkk --mmttii --mmddpp--iissrr--rreellooaadd --mmrrppttss==_c_o_u_n_t --mmrrppttbb --mmddbb --mmlloooopp--uunnssiiggnneedd --mmppaarraalllleell--iinnssnnss --mmppaarraalllleell--mmppyy --mmpprreesseerrvvee--ffllooaatt

_V_8_5_0 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmlloonngg--ccaallllss --mmnnoo--lloonngg--ccaallllss --mmeepp --mmnnoo--eepp --mmpprroolloogg--ffuunnccttiioonn --mmnnoo--pprroolloogg--ffuunnccttiioonn --mmssppaaccee --mmttddaa==_n --mmssddaa==_n --mmzzddaa==_n --mmaapppp--rreeggss --mmnnoo--aapppp--rreeggss --mmddiissaabbllee--ccaalllltt --mmnnoo--ddiissaabbllee--ccaalllltt --mmvv885500ee11 --mmvv885500ee --mmvv885500 --mmbbiigg--sswwiittcchh

_V_A_X _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmgg --mmggnnuu --mmuunniixx

_x_8_6_-_6_4 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s See i386 and x86-64 Options.

_X_s_t_o_r_m_y_1_6 _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmssiimm

_X_t_e_n_s_a _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --mmccoonnsstt1166 --mmnnoo--ccoonnsstt1166 --mmffuusseedd--mmaadddd --mmnnoo--ffuusseedd--mmaadddd --mmtteexxtt--sseeccttiioonn--lliitteerraallss --mmnnoo--tteexxtt--sseeccttiioonn--lliitteerraallss --mmttaarrggeett--aalliiggnn --mmnnoo--ttaarrggeett--aalliiggnn --mmlloonnggccaallllss --mmnnoo--lloonnggccaallllss

_z_S_e_r_i_e_s _O_p_t_i_o_n_s See S/390 and zSeries Options.
_C_o_d_e _G_e_n_e_r_a_t_i_o_n _O_p_t_i_o_n_s --ffccaallll--ssaavveedd--_r_e_g --ffccaallll--uusseedd--_r_e_g
--ffffiixxeedd--_r_e_g --ffeexxcceeppttiioonnss --ffnnoonn--ccaallll--eexxcceeppttiioonnss --ffuunnwwiinndd--ttaabblleess --ffaassyynncchhrroonnoouuss--uunnwwiinndd--ttaabblleess --ffiinnhhiibbiitt--ssiizzee--ddiirreeccttiivvee --ffiinnssttrruummeenntt--ffuunnccttiioonnss --ffnnoo--ccoommmmoonn --ffnnoo--iiddeenntt --ffppcccc--ssttrruucctt--rreettuurrnn --ffppiicc --ffPPIICC --ffppiiee --ffPPIIEE --ffnnoo--jjuummpp--ttaabblleess --ffrreegg--ssttrruucctt--rreettuurrnn --ffsshhaarreedd--ddaattaa --ffsshhoorrtt--eennuummss --ffsshhoorrtt--ddoouubbllee --ffsshhoorrtt--wwcchhaarr --ffvveerrbboossee--aassmm --ffppaacckk--ssttrruucctt[[==_n]] --ffssttaacckk--cchheecckk --ffssttaacckk--lliimmiitt--rreeggiisstteerr==_r_e_g --ffssttaacckk--lliimmiitt--ssyymmbbooll==_s_y_m --ffaarrgguummeenntt--aalliiaass --ffaarrgguummeenntt--nnooaalliiaass --ffaarrgguummeenntt--nnooaalliiaass--gglloobbaall --fflleeaaddiinngg--uunnddeerrssccoorree --ffttllss--mmooddeell==_m_o_d_e_l --ffttrraappvv --ffwwrraappvv --ffbboouunnddss--cchheecckk --ffvviissiibbiilliittyy

OOppttiioonnss CCoonnttrroolllliinngg tthhee KKiinndd ooff OOuuttppuutt

Compilation can involve up to four stages: preprocessing, compilation proper, assembly and linking, always in that order. GCC is capable of preprocessing and compiling several files either into several assembler input files, or into one assembler input file; then each assembler input file produces an object file, and linking combines all the object files (those newly compiled, and those specified as input) into an executable file.

For any given input file, the file name suffix determines what kind of compilation is done:

_f_i_l_e..cc C source code which must be preprocessed.
_f_i_l_e..ii C source code which should not be preprocessed.
_f_i_l_e..iiii C++ source code which should not be preprocessed.
_f_i_l_e..mm Objective-C source code. Note that you must link with the _l_i_b_o_b_j_c
library to make an Objective-C program work.
_f_i_l_e..mmii Objective-C source code which should not be preprocessed.
_f_i_l_e..mmmm
_f_i_l_e..MM Objective-C++ source code. Note that you must link with the _l_i_b_o_b_j_c
library to make an Objective-C++ program work. Note that ..MM refers to a literal capital M.
_f_i_l_e..mmiiii Objective-C++ source code which should not be preprocessed.
_f_i_l_e..hh C, C++, Objective-C or Objective-C++ header file to be turned into a
precompiled header.
_f_i_l_e..cccc
_f_i_l_e..ccpp
_f_i_l_e..ccxxxx
_f_i_l_e..ccpppp
_f_i_l_e..CCPPPP
_f_i_l_e..cc++++
_f_i_l_e..CC C++ source code which must be preprocessed. Note that in ..ccxxxx,
the last two letters must both be literally xx. Likewise, ..CC refers to a literal capital C.
_f_i_l_e..mmmm
_f_i_l_e..MM Objective-C++ source code which must be preprocessed.
_f_i_l_e..mmiiii Objective-C++ source code which should not be preprocessed.
_f_i_l_e..hhhh
_f_i_l_e..HH C++ header file to be turned into a precompiled header.
_f_i_l_e..ff
_f_i_l_e..ffoorr
_f_i_l_e..FFOORR Fixed form Fortran source code which should not be preprocessed.
_f_i_l_e..FF
_f_i_l_e..ffpppp
_f_i_l_e..FFPPPP Fixed form Fortran source code which must be preprocessed (with the traditional
preprocessor).
_f_i_l_e..ff9900
_f_i_l_e..ff9955 Free form Fortran source code which should not be preprocessed.
_f_i_l_e..FF9900
_f_i_l_e..FF9955 Free form Fortran source code which must be preprocessed (with the
traditional preprocessor).
_f_i_l_e..aaddss Ada source code file which contains a library unit declaration (a
declaration of a package, subprogram, or generic, or a generic instantiation), or a library unit renaming declaration (a package, generic, or subprogram renaming declaration). Such files are also called _s_p_e_c_s.
_f_i_l_e..aaddbb Ada source code file containing a library unit body (a subprogram or
package body). Such files are also called _b_o_d_i_e_s.
_f_i_l_e..ss Assembler code.
_f_i_l_e..SS Assembler code which must be preprocessed.
_o_t_h_e_r An object file to be fed straight into linking.
Any file name with no recognized suffix is treated this way.

You can specify the input language explicitly with the --xx option:

--xx _l_a_n_g_u_a_g_e Specify explicitly the _l_a_n_g_u_a_g_e for the following input files
(rather than letting the compiler choose a default based on the file name suffix). This option applies to all following input files until the next --xx option. Possible values for _l_a_n_g_u_a_g_e are:




        c  c-header  c-cpp-output
        c++  c++-header  c++-cpp-output
        objective-c  objective-c-header  objective-c-cpp-output
        objective-c++ objective-c++-header objective-c++-cpp-output
        assembler  assembler-with-cpp
        ada
        f77  f77-cpp-input
        f95  f95-cpp-input
        java
        treelang
--xx nnoonnee Turn off any specification of a language, so that subsequent files are
handled according to their file name suffixes (as they are if --xx has not been used at all).
--ppaassss--eexxiitt--ccooddeess Normally the ggcccc program will exit with the code of 1 if any
phase of the compiler returns a non-success return code. If you specify --ppaassss--eexxiitt--ccooddeess, the ggcccc program will instead return with numerically highest error produced by any phase that returned an error indication.

If you only want some of the stages of compilation, you can use --xx (or filename suffixes) to tell ggcccc where to start, and one of the options --cc, --SS, or --EE to say where ggcccc is to stop. Note that some combinations (for example, --xx ccpppp--oouuttppuutt --EE) instruct ggcccc to do nothing at all.

--cc Compile or assemble the source files, but do not link. The linking
stage simply is not done. The ultimate output is in the form of an object file for each source file.

By default, the object file name for a source file is made by replacing the suffix ..cc, ..ii, ..ss, etc., with ..oo.

Unrecognized input files, not requiring compilation or assembly, are ignored.
--SS Stop after the stage of compilation proper; do not assemble. The output
is in the form of an assembler code file for each non-assembler input file specified.

By default, the assembler file name for a source file is made by replacing the suffix ..cc, ..ii, etc., with ..ss.

Input files that don't require compilation are ignored.
--EE Stop after the preprocessing stage; do not run the compiler proper. The
output is in the form of preprocessed source code, which is sent to the standard output.

Input files which don't require preprocessing are ignored.
--oo _f_i_l_e Place output in file _f_i_l_e. This applies regardless to whatever
sort of output is being produced, whether it be an executable file, an object file, an assembler file or preprocessed C code.

If --oo is not specified, the default is to put an executable file in _a_._o_u_t, the object file for _s_o_u_r_c_e_._s_u_f_f_i_x in _s_o_u_r_c_e_._o, its assembler file in _s_o_u_r_c_e_._s, a precompiled header file in _s_o_u_r_c_e_._s_u_f_f_i_x_._g_c_h, and all preprocessed C source on standard output.
--vv Print (on standard error output) the commands executed to run the stages
of compilation. Also print the version number of the compiler driver program and of the preprocessor and the compiler proper.
--###### Like --vv except the commands are not executed and all command
arguments are quoted. This is useful for shell scripts to capture the driver-generated command lines.
--ppiippee Use pipes rather than temporary files for communication between the
various stages of compilation. This fails to work on some systems where the assembler is unable to read from a pipe; but the GNU assembler has no trouble.
--ccoommbbiinnee If you are compiling multiple source files, this option tells the driver
to pass all the source files to the compiler at once (for those languages for which the compiler can handle this). This will allow intermodule analysis (IMA) to be performed by the compiler. Currently the only language for which this is supported is C. If you pass source files for multiple languages to the driver, using this option, the driver will invoke the compiler(s) that support IMA once each, passing each compiler all the source files appropriate for it. For those languages that do not support IMA this option will be ignored, and the compiler will be invoked once for each source file in that language. If you use this option in conjunction with --ssaavvee--tteemmppss, the compiler will generate multiple pre-processed files (one for each source file), but only one (combined) _._o or _._s file.
----hheellpp Print (on the standard output) a description of the command line options
understood by ggcccc. If the --vv option is also specified then ----hheellpp will also be passed on to the various processes invoked by ggcccc, so that they can display the command line options they accept. If the --WWeexxttrraa option is also specified then command line options which have no documentation associated with them will also be displayed.
----ttaarrggeett--hheellpp Print (on the standard output) a description of target specific command
line options for each tool.
----vveerrssiioonn Display the version number and copyrights of the invoked GCC.

CCoommppiilliinngg CC++++ PPrrooggrraammss

C++ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes ..CC, ..cccc, ..ccpppp, ..CCPPPP, ..cc++++, ..ccpp, or ..ccxxxx; C++ header files often use ..hhhh or ..HH; and preprocessed C++ files use the suffix ..iiii. GCC recognizes files with these names and compiles them as C++ programs even if you call the compiler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually with the name ggcccc).

However, C++ programs often require class libraries as well as a compiler that understands the C++ language---and under some circumstances, you might want to compile programs or header files from standard input, or otherwise without a suffix that flags them as C++ programs. You might also like to precompile a C header file with a ..hh extension to be used in C++ compilations. gg++++ is a program that calls GCC with the default language set to C++, and automatically specifies linking against the C++ library. On many systems, gg++++ is also installed with the name cc++++.

When you compile C++ programs, you may specify many of the same command-line options that you use for compiling programs in any language; or command-line options meaningful for C and related languages; or options that are meaningful only for C++ programs.

OOppttiioonnss CCoonnttrroolllliinngg CC DDiiaalleecctt

The following options control the dialect of C (or languages derived from C, such as C++, Objective-C and Objective-C++) that the compiler accepts:

--aannssii In C mode, support all ISO C90 programs. In C++ mode,
remove GNU extensions that conflict with ISO C++.

This turns off certain features of GCC that are incompatible with ISO C90 (when compiling C code), or of standard C++ (when compiling C++ code), such as the "asm" and "typeof" keywords, and predefined macros such as "unix" and "vax" that identify the type of system you are using. It also enables the undesirable and rarely used ISO trigraph feature. For the C compiler, it disables recognition of C++ style //// comments as well as the "inline" keyword.

The alternate keywords "__asm__", "__extension__", "__inline__" and "__typeof__" continue to work despite --aannssii. You would not want to use them in an ISO C program, of course, but it is useful to put them in header files that might be included in compilations done with --aannssii. Alternate predefined macros such as "__unix__" and "__vax__" are also available, with or without --aannssii.

The --aannssii option does not cause non-ISO programs to be rejected gratuitously. For that, --ppeeddaannttiicc is required in addition to --aannssii.

The macro "__STRICT_ANSI__" is predefined when the --aannssii option is used. Some header files may notice this macro and refrain from declaring certain functions or defining certain macros that the ISO standard doesn't call for; this is to avoid interfering with any programs that might use these names for other things.

Functions which would normally be built in but do not have semantics defined by ISO C (such as "alloca" and "ffs") are not built-in functions with --aannssii is used.
--ssttdd== Determine the language standard. This option is currently only
supported when compiling C or C++. A value for this option must be provided; possible values are
cc8899
iissoo99889999::11999900 ISO C90 (same as --aannssii).
iissoo99889999::119999440099 ISO C90 as modified in amendment 1.
cc9999
cc99xx
iissoo99889999::11999999
iissoo99889999::119999xx ISO C99. Note that this standard is not yet fully supported; see
for more information. The names cc99xx and iissoo99889999::119999xx are deprecated.
ggnnuu8899 Default, ISO C90 plus GNU extensions (including some C99 features).
ggnnuu9999
ggnnuu99xx ISO C99 plus GNU extensions. When ISO C99 is fully implemented in GCC,
this will become the default. The name ggnnuu99xx is deprecated.
cc++++9988 The 1998 ISO C++ standard plus amendments.
ggnnuu++++9988 The same as --ssttdd==cc++++9988 plus GNU extensions. This is the
default for C++ code.

Even when this option is not specified, you can still use some of the features of newer standards in so far as they do not conflict with previous C standards. For example, you may use "__restrict__" even when --ssttdd==cc9999 is not specified.

The --ssttdd options specifying some version of ISO C have the same effects as --aannssii, except that features that were not in ISO C90 but are in the specified version (for example, //// comments and the "inline" keyword in ISO C99) are not disabled.
--aauuxx--iinnffoo _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Output to the given filename prototyped declarations for all functions
declared and/or defined in a translation unit, including those in header files. This option is silently ignored in any language other than C.

Besides declarations, the file indicates, in comments, the origin of each declaration (source file and line), whether the declaration was implicit, prototyped or unprototyped (II, NN for new or OO for old, respectively, in the first character after the line number and the colon), and whether it came from a declaration or a definition (CC or FF, respectively, in the following character). In the case of function definitions, a K&R-style list of arguments followed by their declarations is also provided, inside comments, after the declaration.
--ffnnoo--aassmm Do not recognize "asm", "inline" or "typeof" as a
keyword, so that code can use these words as identifiers. You can use the keywords "__asm__", "__inline__" and "__typeof__" instead. --aannssii implies --ffnnoo--aassmm.

In C++, this switch only affects the "typeof" keyword, since "asm" and "inline" are standard keywords. You may want to use the --ffnnoo--ggnnuu--kkeeyywwoorrddss flag instead, which has the same effect. In C99 mode (--ssttdd==cc9999 or --ssttdd==ggnnuu9999), this switch only affects the "asm" and "typeof" keywords, since "inline" is a standard keyword in ISO C99.
--ffnnoo--bbuuiillttiinn
--ffnnoo--bbuuiillttiinn--_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n Don't recognize built-in functions that do not begin with
____bbuuiillttiinn__ as prefix.

GCC normally generates special code to handle certain built-in functions more efficiently; for instance, calls to "alloca" may become single instructions that adjust the stack directly, and calls to "memcpy" may become inline copy loops. The resulting code is often both smaller and faster, but since the function calls no longer appear as such, you cannot set a breakpoint on those calls, nor can you change the behavior of the functions by linking with a different library. In addition, when a function is recognized as a built-in function, GCC may use information about that function to warn about problems with calls to that function, or to generate more efficient code, even if the resulting code still contains calls to that function. For example, warnings are given with --WWffoorrmmaatt for bad calls to "printf", when "printf" is built in, and "strlen" is known not to modify global memory.

With the --ffnnoo--bbuuiillttiinn--_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n option only the built-in function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is disabled. _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n must not begin with ____bbuuiillttiinn__. If a function is named this is not built-in in this version of GCC, this option is ignored. There is no corresponding --ffbbuuiillttiinn--_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n option; if you wish to enable built-in functions selectively when using --ffnnoo--bbuuiillttiinn or --ffffrreeeessttaannddiinngg, you may define macros such as:


        #define abs(n)          __builtin_abs ((n))
        #define strcpy(d, s)    __builtin_strcpy ((d), (s))
--ffhhoosstteedd Assert that compilation takes place in a hosted environment. This implies
--ffbbuuiillttiinn. A hosted environment is one in which the entire standard library is available, and in which "main" has a return type of "int". Examples are nearly everything except a kernel. This is equivalent to --ffnnoo--ffrreeeessttaannddiinngg.
--ffffrreeeessttaannddiinngg Assert that compilation takes place in a freestanding environment. This
implies --ffnnoo--bbuuiillttiinn. A freestanding environment is one in which the standard library may not exist, and program startup may not necessarily be at "main". The most obvious example is an OS kernel. This is equivalent to --ffnnoo--hhoosstteedd.
--ffmmss--eexxtteennssiioonnss Accept some non-standard constructs used in Microsoft header files.


Some cases of unnamed fields in structures and unions are only accepted with this option.
--ttrriiggrraapphhss Support ISO C trigraphs. The --aannssii option (and --ssttdd
options for strict ISO C conformance) implies --ttrriiggrraapphhss.
--nnoo--iinntteeggrraatteedd--ccpppp Performs a compilation in two passes: preprocessing and compiling. This
option allows a user supplied "cc1", "cc1plus", or "cc1obj" via the --BB option. The user supplied compilation step can then add in an additional preprocessing step after normal preprocessing but before compiling. The default is to use the integrated cpp (internal cpp)

The semantics of this option will change if "cc1", "cc1plus", and "cc1obj" are merged.
--ttrraaddiittiioonnaall
--ttrraaddiittiioonnaall--ccpppp Formerly, these options caused GCC to attempt to emulate a pre-standard
C compiler. They are now only supported with the --EE switch. The preprocessor continues to support a pre-standard mode. See the GNU CPP manual for details.
--ffccoonndd--mmiissmmaattcchh Allow conditional expressions with mismatched types in the second and
third arguments. The value of such an expression is void. This option is not supported for C++.
--ffuunnssiiggnneedd--cchhaarr Let the type "char" be unsigned, like "unsigned char".


Each kind of machine has a default for what "char" should be. It is either like "unsigned char" by default or like "signed char" by default.

Ideally, a portable program should always use "signed char" or "unsigned char" when it depends on the signedness of an object. But many programs have been written to use plain "char" and expect it to be signed, or expect it to be unsigned, depending on the machines they were written for. This option, and its inverse, let you make such a program work with the opposite default.

The type "char" is always a distinct type from each of "signed char" or "unsigned char", even though its behavior is always just like one of those two.
--ffssiiggnneedd--cchhaarr Let the type "char" be signed, like "signed char".


Note that this is equivalent to --ffnnoo--uunnssiiggnneedd--cchhaarr, which is the negative form of --ffuunnssiiggnneedd--cchhaarr. Likewise, the option --ffnnoo--ssiiggnneedd--cchhaarr is equivalent to --ffuunnssiiggnneedd--cchhaarr.
--ffssiiggnneedd--bbiittffiieellddss
--ffuunnssiiggnneedd--bbiittffiieellddss
--ffnnoo--ssiiggnneedd--bbiittffiieellddss
--ffnnoo--uunnssiiggnneedd--bbiittffiieellddss These options control whether a bit-field is signed or unsigned, when the
declaration does not use either "signed" or "unsigned". By default, such a bit-field is signed, because this is consistent: the basic integer types such as "int" are signed types.

OOppttiioonnss CCoonnttrroolllliinngg CC++++ DDiiaalleecctt

This section describes the command-line options that are only meaningful for C++ programs; but you can also use most of the GNU compiler options regardless of what language your program is in. For example, you might compile a file "firstClass.C" like this:


        g++ -g -frepo -O -c firstClass.C

In this example, only --ffrreeppoo is an option meant only for C++ programs; you can use the other options with any language supported by GCC.

Here is a list of options that are _o_n_l_y for compiling C++ programs:

--ffaabbii--vveerrssiioonn==_n Use version _n of the C++ ABI. Version 2 is the version of the
C++ ABI that first appeared in G++ 3.4. Version 1 is the version of the C++ ABI that first appeared in G++ 3.2. Version 0 will always be the version that conforms most closely to the C++ ABI specification. Therefore, the ABI obtained using version 0 will change as ABI bugs are fixed.

The default is version 2.
--ffnnoo--aacccceessss--ccoonnttrrooll Turn off all access checking. This switch is mainly useful for working
around bugs in the access control code.
--ffcchheecckk--nneeww Check that the pointer returned by "operator new" is non-null
before attempting to modify the storage allocated. This check is normally unnecessary because the C++ standard specifies that "operator new" will only return 0 if it is declared _tt_hh_rr_oo_ww_((_)), in which case the compiler will always check the return value even without this option. In all other cases, when "operator new" has a non-empty exception specification, memory exhaustion is signalled by throwing "std::bad_alloc". See also nneeww ((nnootthhrrooww)).
--ffccoonnsseerrvvee--ssppaaccee Put uninitialized or runtime-initialized global variables into the
common segment, as C does. This saves space in the executable at the cost of not diagnosing duplicate definitions. If you compile with this flag and your program mysteriously crashes after "main()" has completed, you may have an object that is being destroyed twice because two definitions were merged.

This option is no longer useful on most targets, now that support has been added for putting variables into BSS without making them common.
--ffffrriieenndd--iinnjjeeccttiioonn Inject friend functions into the enclosing namespace, so that they are
visible outside the scope of the class in which they are declared. Friend functions were documented to work this way in the old Annotated C++ Reference Manual, and versions of G++ before 4.1 always worked that way. However, in ISO C++ a friend function which is not declared in an enclosing scope can only be found using argument dependent lookup. This option causes friends to be injected as they were in earlier releases.

This option is for compatibility, and may be removed in a future release of G++.
--ffnnoo--ccoonnsstt--ssttrriinnggss Give string constants type "char *" instead of type "const
char *". By default, G++ uses type "const char *" as required by the standard. Even if you use --ffnnoo--ccoonnsstt--ssttrriinnggss, you cannot actually modify the value of a string constant.

This option might be removed in a future release of G++. For maximum portability, you should structure your code so that it works with string constants that have type "const char *".
--ffnnoo--eelliiddee--ccoonnssttrruuccttoorrss The C++ standard allows an implementation to omit creating a temporary
which is only used to initialize another object of the same type. Specifying this option disables that optimization, and forces G++ to call the copy constructor in all cases.
--ffnnoo--eennffoorrccee--eehh--ssppeeccss Don't generate code to check for violation of exception specifications
at runtime. This option violates the C++ standard, but may be useful for reducing code size in production builds, much like defining NNDDEEBBUUGG. This does not give user code permission to throw exceptions in violation of the exception specifications; the compiler will still optimize based on the specifications, so throwing an unexpected exception will result in undefined behavior.
--ffffoorr--ssccooppee
--ffnnoo--ffoorr--ssccooppee If --ffffoorr--ssccooppee is specified, the scope of variables declared in
a _f_o_r_-_i_n_i_t_-_s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t is limited to the ffoorr loop itself, as specified by the C++ standard. If --ffnnoo--ffoorr--ssccooppee is specified, the scope of variables declared in a _f_o_r_-_i_n_i_t_-_s_t_a_t_e_m_e_n_t extends to the end of the enclosing scope, as was the case in old versions of G++, and other (traditional) implementations of C++.

The default if neither flag is given to follow the standard, but to allow and give a warning for old-style code that would otherwise be invalid, or have different behavior.
--ffnnoo--ggnnuu--kkeeyywwoorrddss Do not recognize "typeof" as a keyword, so that code can use this
word as an identifier. You can use the keyword "__typeof__" instead. --aannssii implies --ffnnoo--ggnnuu--kkeeyywwoorrddss.
--ffnnoo--iimmpplliicciitt--tteemmppllaatteess Never emit code for non-inline templates which are instantiated
implicitly (i.e. by use); only emit code for explicit instantiations.
--ffnnoo--iimmpplliicciitt--iinnlliinnee--tteemmppllaatteess Don't emit code for implicit instantiations of inline templates, either.
The default is to handle inlines differently so that compiles with and without optimization will need the same set of explicit instantiations.
--ffnnoo--iimmpplleemmeenntt--iinnlliinneess To save space, do not emit out-of-line copies of inline functions
controlled by ##pprraaggmmaa iimmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn. This will cause linker errors if these functions are not inlined everywhere they are called.
--ffmmss--eexxtteennssiioonnss Disable pedantic warnings about constructs used in MFC, such as implicit
int and getting a pointer to member function via non-standard syntax.
--ffnnoo--nnoonnaannssii--bbuuiillttiinnss Disable built-in declarations of functions that are not mandated by
ANSI/ISO C. These include "ffs", "alloca", "_exit", "index", "bzero", "conjf", and other related functions.
--ffnnoo--ooppeerraattoorr--nnaammeess Do not treat the operator name keywords "and", "bitand",
"bitor", "compl", "not", "or" and "xor" as synonyms as keywords.
--ffnnoo--ooppttiioonnaall--ddiiaaggss Disable diagnostics that the standard says a compiler does not need to
issue. Currently, the only such diagnostic issued by G++ is the one for a name having multiple meanings within a class.
--ffppeerrmmiissssiivvee Downgrade some diagnostics about nonconformant code from errors to
warnings. Thus, using --ffppeerrmmiissssiivvee will allow some nonconforming code to compile.
--ffrreeppoo Enable automatic template instantiation at link time. This option also
implies --ffnnoo--iimmpplliicciitt--tteemmppllaatteess.
--ffnnoo--rrttttii Disable generation of information about every class with virtual
functions for use by the C++ runtime type identification features (ddyynnaammiicc__ccaasstt and ttyyppeeiidd). If you don't use those parts of the language, you can save some space by using this flag. Note that exception handling uses the same information, but it will generate it as needed.
--ffssttaattss Emit statistics about front-end processing at the end of the compilation.
This information is generally only useful to the G++ development team.
--fftteemmppllaattee--ddeepptthh--_n Set the maximum instantiation depth for template classes to _n.
A limit on the template instantiation depth is needed to detect endless recursions during template class instantiation. ANSI/ISO C++ conforming programs must not rely on a maximum depth greater than 17.
--ffnnoo--tthhrreeaaddssaaffee--ssttaattiiccss Do not emit the extra code to use the routines specified in the C++
ABI for thread-safe initialization of local statics. You can use this option to reduce code size slightly in code that doesn't need to be thread-safe.
--ffuussee--ccxxaa--aatteexxiitt Register destructors for objects with static storage duration with the
"__cxa_atexit" function rather than the "atexit" function. This option is required for fully standards-compliant handling of static destructors, but will only work if your C library supports "__cxa_atexit".
--ffvviissiibbiilliittyy--iinnlliinneess--hhiiddddeenn Causes all inlined methods to be marked with
"__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden")))" so that they do not appear in the export table of a DSO and do not require a PLT indirection when used within the DSO. Enabling this option can have a dramatic effect on load and link times of a DSO as it massively reduces the size of the dynamic export table when the library makes heavy use of templates. While it can cause bloating through duplication of code within each DSO where it is used, often the wastage is less than the considerable space occupied by a long symbol name in the export table which is typical when using templates and namespaces. For even more savings, combine with the --ffvviissiibbiilliittyy==hhiiddddeenn switch.
--ffnnoo--wweeaakk Do not use weak symbol support, even if it is provided by the linker.
By default, G++ will use weak symbols if they are available. This option exists only for testing, and should not be used by end-users; it will result in inferior code and has no benefits. This option may be removed in a future release of G++.
--nnoossttddiinncc++++ Do not search for header files in the standard directories specific to
C++, but do still search the other standard directories. (This option is used when building the C++ library.)

In addition, these optimization, warning, and code generation options have meanings only for C++ programs:

--ffnnoo--ddeeffaauulltt--iinnlliinnee Do not assume iinnlliinnee for functions defined inside a class scope.
Note that these functions will have linkage like inline functions; they just won't be inlined by default.
--WWaabbii (C++ only) Warn when G++ generates code that is probably not compatible with the
vendor-neutral C++ ABI. Although an effort has been made to warn about all such cases, there are probably some cases that are not warned about, even though G++ is generating incompatible code. There may also be cases where warnings are emitted even though the code that is generated will be compatible.

You should rewrite your code to avoid these warnings if you are concerned about the fact that code generated by G++ may not be binary compatible with code generated by other compilers.

The known incompatibilities at this point include:
* Incorrect handling of tail-padding for bit-fields. G++ may attempt to
pack data into the same byte as a base class. For example:



        struct A { virtual void f(); int f1 : 1; };
        struct B : public A { int f2 : 1; };


In this case, G++ will place "B::f2" into the same byte as"A::f1"; other compilers will not. You can avoid this problem by explicitly padding "A" so that its size is a multiple of the byte size on your platform; that will cause G++ and other compilers to layout "B" identically.
* Incorrect handling of tail-padding for virtual bases. G++ does not use
tail padding when laying out virtual bases. For example:



        struct A { virtual void f(); char c1; };
        struct B { B(); char c2; };
        struct C : public A, public virtual B {};


In this case, G++ will not place "B" into the tail-padding for "A"; other compilers will. You can avoid this problem by explicitly padding "A" so that its size is a multiple of its alignment (ignoring virtual base classes); that will cause G++ and other compilers to layout "C" identically.
* Incorrect handling of bit-fields with declared widths greater than that
of their underlying types, when the bit-fields appear in a union. For example:


        union U { int i : 4096; };


Assuming that an "int" does not have 4096 bits, G++ will make the union too small by the number of bits in an "int".
* Empty classes can be placed at incorrect offsets. For example:



        struct A {};



        struct B {
          A a;
          virtual void f ();
        };



        struct C : public B, public A {};


G++ will place the "A" base class of "C" at a nonzero offset; it should be placed at offset zero. G++ mistakenly believes that the "A" data member of "B" is already at offset zero.
* Names of template functions whose types involve "typename" or
template template parameters can be mangled incorrectly.


        template 
        void f(typename Q::X) {}



        template