AS 1 2005-06-12 binutils-2.16.1 GNU Development Tools

NAME

AS - the portable GNU assembler.

SYNOPSIS

as [--aa[ccddhhllnnss][=_f_i_l_e]] [----aalltteerrnnaattee] [--DD] [----ddeeffssyymm _s_y_m=_v_a_l] [--ff] [--gg] [----ggssttaabbss] [----ggssttaabbss++] [----ggddwwaarrff--22] [----hheellpp] [--II _d_i_r] [--JJ] [--KK] [--LL] [----lliissttiinngg--llhhss--wwiiddtthh=_N_U_M] [----lliissttiinngg--llhhss--wwiiddtthh22=_N_U_M] [----lliissttiinngg--rrhhss--wwiiddtthh=_N_U_M] [----lliissttiinngg--ccoonntt--lliinneess=_N_U_M] [----kkeeeepp--llooccaallss] [--oo _o_b_j_f_i_l_e] [--RR] [----ssttaattiissttiiccss] [--vv] [--vveerrssiioonn] [----vveerrssiioonn] [--WW] [----wwaarrnn] [----ffaattaall--wwaarrnniinnggss] [--ww] [--xx] [--ZZ] [----ttaarrggeett--hheellpp] [_t_a_r_g_e_t_-_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [----|_f_i_l_e_s ...]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _A_l_p_h_a _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--mm_c_p_u] [--mmddeebbuugg | --nnoo--mmddeebbuugg] [--rreellaaxx] [--gg] [--GG_s_i_z_e] [--FF] [--3322aaddddrr]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _A_R_C _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--mmaarrcc[[55||66||77||88]]] [--EEBB|--EELL]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _A_R_M _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--mmccppuu=_p_r_o_c_e_s_s_o_r[+_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n...]] [--mmaarrcchh=_a_r_c_h_i_t_e_c_t_u_r_e[+_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n...]] [--mmffppuu=_f_l_o_a_t_i_n_g_-_p_o_i_n_t_-_f_o_r_m_a_t] [--mmffllooaatt--aabbii=_a_b_i] [--mmeeaabbii=_v_e_r] [--mmtthhuummbb] [--EEBB|--EELL] [--mmaappccss--3322|--mmaappccss--2266|--mmaappccss--ffllooaatt| --mmaappccss--rreeeennttrraanntt] [--mmtthhuummbb--iinntteerrwwoorrkk] [--kk]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _C_R_I_S _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [----uunnddeerrssccoorree | ----nnoo--uunnddeerrssccoorree] [----ppiicc] [--NN] [----eemmuullaattiioonn==ccrriisseellff | ----eemmuullaattiioonn==ccrriissaaoouutt] [----mmaarrcchh==vv00__vv1100 | ----mmaarrcchh==vv1100 | ----mmaarrcchh==vv3322 | ----mmaarrcchh==ccoommmmoonn__vv1100__vv3322]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _D_1_0_V _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--OO]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _D_3_0_V _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--OO|--nn|--NN]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _i_3_8_6 _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [----3322|----6644] [--nn]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _i_9_6_0 _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--AACCAA|--AACCAA__AA|--AACCBB|--AACCCC|--AAKKAA|--AAKKBB| --AAKKCC|--AAMMCC] [--bb] [--nnoo--rreellaaxx]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _I_A_-_6_4 _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--mmccoonnssttaanntt--ggpp|--mmaauuttoo--ppiicc] [--mmiillpp3322|--mmiillpp6644|--mmllpp6644|--mmpp6644] [--mmllee|mmbbee] [--mmuunnwwiinndd--cchheecckk==wwaarrnniinngg|--mmuunnwwiinndd--cchheecckk==eerrrroorr] [--mmhhiinntt..bb==ookk|--mmhhiinntt..bb==wwaarrnniinngg|--mmhhiinntt..bb==eerrrroorr] [--xx|--xxeexxpplliicciitt] [--xxaauuttoo] [--xxddeebbuugg]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _I_P_2_K _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--mmiipp22002222|--mmiipp22002222eexxtt]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _M_3_2_R _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [----mm3322rrxx|----[[nnoo--]]wwaarrnn--eexxpplliicciitt--ppaarraalllleell--ccoonnfflliiccttss| ----WW[[nn]]pp]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _M_6_8_0_X_0 _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--ll] [--mm6688000000|--mm6688001100|--mm6688002200|...]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _M_6_8_H_C_1_1 _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--mm6688hhcc1111|--mm6688hhcc1122|--mm6688hhccss1122] [--mmsshhoorrtt|--mmlloonngg] [--mmsshhoorrtt--ddoouubbllee|--mmlloonngg--ddoouubbllee] [----ffoorrccee--lloonngg--bbrraanncchhss] [----sshhoorrtt--bbrraanncchhss] [----ssttrriicctt--ddiirreecctt--mmooddee] [----pprriinntt--iinnssnn--ssyynnttaaxx] [----pprriinntt--ooppccooddeess] [----ggeenneerraattee--eexxaammppllee]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _M_C_O_R_E _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--jjssrrii22bbssrr] [--ssiiffiilltteerr] [--rreellaaxx] [--mmccppuu==[[221100||334400]]]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _M_I_P_S _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--nnooccpppp] [--EELL] [--EEBB] [--OO[_o_p_t_i_m_i_z_a_t_i_o_n _l_e_v_e_l]] [--gg[_d_e_b_u_g _l_e_v_e_l]] [--GG _n_u_m] [--KKPPIICC] [--ccaallll__sshhaarreedd] [--nnoonn__sshhaarreedd] [--xxggoott] [--mmaabbii=_A_B_I] [--3322] [--nn3322] [--6644] [--mmffpp3322] [--mmggpp3322] [--mmaarrcchh=_C_P_U] [--mmttuunnee=_C_P_U] [--mmiippss11] [--mmiippss22] [--mmiippss33] [--mmiippss44] [--mmiippss55] [--mmiippss3322] [--mmiippss3322rr22] [--mmiippss6644] [--mmiippss6644rr22] [--ccoonnssttrruucctt--ffllooaattss] [--nnoo--ccoonnssttrruucctt--ffllooaattss] [--ttrraapp] [--nnoo--bbrreeaakk] [--bbrreeaakk] [--nnoo--ttrraapp] [--mmffiixx77000000] [--mmnnoo--ffiixx77000000] [--mmiippss1166] [--nnoo--mmiippss1166] [--mmiippss33dd] [--nnoo--mmiippss33dd] [--mmddmmxx] [--nnoo--mmddmmxx] [--mmddeebbuugg] [--nnoo--mmddeebbuugg] [--mmppddrr] [--mmnnoo--ppddrr]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _M_M_I_X _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [----ffiixxeedd--ssppeecciiaall--rreeggiisstteerr--nnaammeess] [----gglloobbaalliizzee--ssyymmbboollss] [----ggnnuu--ssyynnttaaxx] [----rreellaaxx] [----nnoo--pprreeddeeffiinneedd--ssyymmbboollss] [----nnoo--eexxppaanndd] [----nnoo--mmeerrggee--ggrreeggss] [--xx] [----lliinnkkeerr--aallllooccaatteedd--ggrreeggss]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _P_D_P_1_1 _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--mmppiicc|--mmnnoo--ppiicc] [--mmaallll] [--mmnnoo--eexxtteennssiioonnss] [--mm_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n|--mmnnoo--_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n] [--mm_c_p_u] [--mm_m_a_c_h_i_n_e]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _p_i_c_o_J_a_v_a _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--mmbb|--mmee]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _P_o_w_e_r_P_C _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--mmppwwrrxx|--mmppwwrr22|--mmppwwrr|--mm660011|--mmppppcc|--mmppppcc3322|--mm660033|--mm660044| --mm440033|--mm440055|--mmppppcc6644|--mm662200|--mmppppcc6644bbrriiddggee|--mmbbooookkee| --mmbbooookkee3322|--mmbbooookkee6644] [--mmccoomm|--mmaannyy|--mmaallttiivveecc] [--mmeemmbb] [--mmrreeggnnaammeess|--mmnnoo--rreeggnnaammeess] [--mmrreellooccaattaabbllee|--mmrreellooccaattaabbllee--lliibb] [--mmlliittttllee|--mmlliittttllee--eennddiiaann|--mmbbiigg|--mmbbiigg--eennddiiaann] [--mmssoollaarriiss|--mmnnoo--ssoollaarriiss]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _S_P_A_R_C _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--AAvv66|--AAvv77|--AAvv88|--AAssppaarrcclleett|--AAssppaarrcclliittee --AAvv88pplluuss|--AAvv88pplluussaa|--AAvv99|--AAvv99aa] [--xxaarrcchh==vv88pplluuss|--xxaarrcchh==vv88pplluussaa] [--bbuummpp] [--3322|--6644]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _T_I_C_5_4_X _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [--mmccppuu==5544[[112233558899]]|--mmccppuu==5544[[5566]]llpp] [--mmffaarr--mmooddee|--mmff] [--mmeerrrroorrss--ttoo--ffiillee _<_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e_>|--mmee _<_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e_>]

_T_a_r_g_e_t _X_t_e_n_s_a _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_: [----[[nnoo--]]tteexxtt--sseeccttiioonn--lliitteerraallss] [----[[nnoo--]]aabbssoolluuttee--lliitteerraallss] [----[[nnoo--]]ttaarrggeett--aalliiggnn] [----[[nnoo--]]lloonnggccaallllss] [----[[nnoo--]]ttrraannssffoorrmm] [----rreennaammee--sseeccttiioonn _o_l_d_n_a_m_e=_n_e_w_n_a_m_e]

DESCRIPTION

GNU aass is really a family of assemblers. If you use (or have used) the GNU assembler on one architecture, you should find a fairly similar environment when you use it on another architecture. Each version has much in common with the others, including object file formats, most assembler directives (often called _p_s_e_u_d_o_-_o_p_s) and assembler syntax.

aass is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler "gcc" for use by the linker "ld". Nevertheless, we've tried to make aass assemble correctly everything that other assemblers for the same machine would assemble. Any exceptions are documented explicitly. This doesn't mean aass always uses the same syntax as another assembler for the same architecture; for example, we know of several incompatible versions of 680x0 assembly language syntax.

Each time you run aass it assembles exactly one source program. The source program is made up of one or more files. (The standard input is also a file.)

You give aass a command line that has zero or more input file names. The input files are read (from left file name to right). A command line argument (in any position) that has no special meaning is taken to be an input file name.

If you give aass no file names it attempts to read one input file from the aass standard input, which is normally your terminal. You may have to type ccttll--DD to tell aass there is no more program to assemble.

Use ---- if you need to explicitly name the standard input file in your command line.

If the source is empty, aass produces a small, empty object file.

aass may write warnings and error messages to the standard error file (usually your terminal). This should not happen when a compiler runs aass automatically. Warnings report an assumption made so that aass could keep assembling a flawed program; errors report a grave problem that stops the assembly.

If you are invoking aass via the GNU C compiler, you can use the --WWaa option to pass arguments through to the assembler. The assembler arguments must be separated from each other (and the --WWaa) by commas. For example:


        gcc -c -g -O -Wa,-alh,-L file.c

This passes two options to the assembler: --aallhh (emit a listing to standard output with high-level and assembly source) and --LL (retain local symbols in the symbol table).

Usually you do not need to use this --WWaa mechanism, since many compiler command-line options are automatically passed to the assembler by the compiler. (You can call the GNU compiler driver with the --vv option to see precisely what options it passes to each compilation pass, including the assembler.)

OPTIONS

--aa[[ccddhhllmmnnss]] Turn on listings, in any of a variety of ways:
--aacc omit false conditionals
--aadd omit debugging directives
--aahh include high-level source
--aall include assembly
--aamm include macro expansions
--aann omit forms processing
--aass include symbols
==ffiillee set the name of the listing file


You may combine these options; for example, use --aallnn for assembly listing without forms processing. The ==ffiillee option, if used, must be the last one. By itself, --aa defaults to --aahhllss.
----aalltteerrnnaattee Begin in alternate macro mode, see @ref{Altmacro,,".altmacro"}.
--DD Ignored. This option is accepted for script compatibility with calls to
other assemblers.
----ddeeffssyymm _s_y_m==_v_a_l_u_e Define the symbol _s_y_m to be _v_a_l_u_e before assembling the input file.
_v_a_l_u_e must be an integer constant. As in C, a leading 00xx indicates a hexadecimal value, and a leading 00 indicates an octal value.
--ff ``fast''---skip whitespace and comment preprocessing (assume source is
compiler output).
--gg
----ggeenn--ddeebbuugg Generate debugging information for each assembler source line using whichever
debug format is preferred by the target. This currently means either STABS, ECOFF or DWARF2.
----ggssttaabbss Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line. This
may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.
----ggssttaabbss++ Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line, with GNU
extensions that probably only gdb can handle, and that could make other debuggers crash or refuse to read your program. This may help debugging assembler code. Currently the only GNU extension is the location of the current working directory at assembling time.
----ggddwwaarrff--22 Generate DWARF2 debugging information for each assembler line. This
may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it. Note---this option is only supported by some targets, not all of them.
----hheellpp Print a summary of the command line options and exit.
----ttaarrggeett--hheellpp Print a summary of all target specific options and exit.
--II _d_i_r Add directory _d_i_r to the search list for ".include" directives.
--JJ Don't warn about signed overflow.
--KK Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long displacements.
--LL
----kkeeeepp--llooccaallss Keep (in the symbol table) local symbols. On traditional a.out systems
these start with LL, but different systems have different local label prefixes.
----lliissttiinngg--llhhss--wwiiddtthh==_n_u_m_b_e_r Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data column for an assembler
listing to _n_u_m_b_e_r.
----lliissttiinngg--llhhss--wwiiddtthh22==_n_u_m_b_e_r Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data column for continuation
lines in an assembler listing to _n_u_m_b_e_r.
----lliissttiinngg--rrhhss--wwiiddtthh==_n_u_m_b_e_r Set the maximum width of an input source line, as displayed in a listing, to
_n_u_m_b_e_r bytes.
----lliissttiinngg--ccoonntt--lliinneess==_n_u_m_b_e_r Set the maximum number of lines printed in a listing for a single line of input
to _n_u_m_b_e_r + 1.
--oo _o_b_j_f_i_l_e Name the object-file output from aass _o_b_j_f_i_l_e.
--RR Fold the data section into the text section.
----ssttaattiissttiiccss Print the maximum space (in bytes) and total time (in seconds) used by
assembly.
----ssttrriipp--llooccaall--aabbssoolluuttee Remove local absolute symbols from the outgoing symbol table.
--vv
--vveerrssiioonn Print the aass version.
----vveerrssiioonn Print the aass version and exit.
--WW
----nnoo--wwaarrnn Suppress warning messages.
----ffaattaall--wwaarrnniinnggss Treat warnings as errors.
----wwaarrnn Don't suppress warning messages or treat them as errors.
--ww Ignored.
--xx Ignored.
--ZZ Generate an object file even after errors.
---- || _f_i_l_e_s ...... Standard input, or source files to assemble.

The following options are available when as is configured for an ARC processor.

--mmaarrcc[[55||66||77||88]] This option selects the core processor variant.
--EEBB || --EELL Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.

The following options are available when as is configured for the ARM processor family.

--mmccppuu==_p_r_o_c_e_s_s_o_r[[++_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n......]] Specify which ARM processor variant is the target.
--mmaarrcchh==_a_r_c_h_i_t_e_c_t_u_r_e[[++_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n......]] Specify which ARM architecture variant is used by the target.
--mmffppuu==_f_l_o_a_t_i_n_g_-_p_o_i_n_t_-_f_o_r_m_a_t Select which Floating Point architecture is the target.
--mmffllooaatt--aabbii==_a_b_i Select which floating point ABI is in use.
--mmtthhuummbb Enable Thumb only instruction decoding.
--mmaappccss--3322 || --mmaappccss--2266 || --mmaappccss--ffllooaatt || --mmaappccss--rreeeennttrraanntt Select which procedure calling convention is in use.
--EEBB || --EELL Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.
--mmtthhuummbb--iinntteerrwwoorrkk Specify that the code has been generated with interworking between Thumb and
ARM code in mind.
--kk Specify that PIC code has been generated.

See the info pages for documentation of the CRIS-specific options.

The following options are available when as is configured for a D10V processor.

--OO Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.

The following options are available when as is configured for a D30V processor.

--OO Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.
--nn Warn when nops are generated.
--NN Warn when a nop after a 32-bit multiply instruction is generated.

The following options are available when as is configured for the Intel 80960 processor.

--AACCAA || --AACCAA__AA || --AACCBB || --AACCCC || --AAKKAA || --AAKKBB || --AAKKCC || --AAMMCC Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the target.
--bb Add code to collect statistics about branches taken.
--nnoo--rreellaaxx Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long displacements;
error if necessary.

The following options are available when as is configured for the Ubicom IP2K series.

--mmiipp22002222eexxtt Specifies that the extended IP2022 instructions are allowed.
--mmiipp22002222 Restores the default behaviour, which restricts the permitted instructions to
just the basic IP2022 ones.

The following options are available when as is configured for the Renesas M32R (formerly Mitsubishi M32R) series.

----mm3322rrxx Specify which processor in the M32R family is the target. The default
is normally the M32R, but this option changes it to the M32RX.
----wwaarrnn--eexxpplliicciitt--ppaarraalllleell--ccoonnfflliiccttss oorr ----WWpp Produce warning messages when questionable parallel constructs are
encountered.
----nnoo--wwaarrnn--eexxpplliicciitt--ppaarraalllleell--ccoonnfflliiccttss oorr ----WWnnpp Do not produce warning messages when questionable parallel constructs are
encountered.

The following options are available when as is configured for the Motorola 68000 series.

--ll Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of two.
--mm6688000000 || --mm6688000088 || --mm6688001100 || --mm6688002200 || --mm6688003300
|| --mm6688004400 || --mm6688006600 || --mm6688330022 || --mm6688333311 || --mm6688333322
|| --mm6688333333 || --mm6688334400 || --mmccppuu3322 || --mm55220000 Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target. The default
is normally the 68020, but this can be changed at configuration time.
--mm6688888811 || --mm6688888822 || --mmnnoo--6688888811 || --mmnnoo--6688888822 The target machine does (or does not) have a floating-point coprocessor.
The default is to assume a coprocessor for 68020, 68030, and cpu32. Although the basic 68000 is not compatible with the 68881, a combination of the two can be specified, since it's possible to do emulation of the coprocessor instructions with the main processor.
--mm6688885511 || --mmnnoo--6688885511 The target machine does (or does not) have a memory-management
unit coprocessor. The default is to assume an MMU for 68020 and up.

For details about the PDP-11 machine dependent features options, see @ref{PDP-11-Options}.

--mmppiicc || --mmnnoo--ppiicc Generate position-independent (or position-dependent) code. The
default is --mmppiicc.
--mmaallll
--mmaallll--eexxtteennssiioonnss Enable all instruction set extensions. This is the default.
--mmnnoo--eexxtteennssiioonnss Disable all instruction set extensions.
--mm_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n || --mmnnoo--_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n Enable (or disable) a particular instruction set extension.
--mm_c_p_u Enable the instruction set extensions supported by a particular CPU, and
disable all other extensions.
--mm_m_a_c_h_i_n_e Enable the instruction set extensions supported by a particular machine
model, and disable all other extensions.

The following options are available when as is configured for a picoJava processor.

--mmbb Generate ``big endian'' format output.
--mmll Generate ``little endian'' format output.

The following options are available when as is configured for the Motorola 68HC11 or 68HC12 series.

--mm6688hhcc1111 || --mm6688hhcc1122 || --mm6688hhccss1122 Specify what processor is the target. The default is
defined by the configuration option when building the assembler.
--mmsshhoorrtt Specify to use the 16-bit integer ABI.
--mmlloonngg Specify to use the 32-bit integer ABI.
--mmsshhoorrtt--ddoouubbllee Specify to use the 32-bit double ABI.
--mmlloonngg--ddoouubbllee Specify to use the 64-bit double ABI.
----ffoorrccee--lloonngg--bbrraanncchhss Relative branches are turned into absolute ones. This concerns
conditional branches, unconditional branches and branches to a sub routine.
--SS || ----sshhoorrtt--bbrraanncchhss Do not turn relative branchs into absolute ones
when the offset is out of range.
----ssttrriicctt--ddiirreecctt--mmooddee Do not turn the direct addressing mode into extended addressing mode
when the instruction does not support direct addressing mode.
----pprriinntt--iinnssnn--ssyynnttaaxx Print the syntax of instruction in case of error.
----pprriinntt--ooppccooddeess print the list of instructions with syntax and then exit.
----ggeenneerraattee--eexxaammppllee print an example of instruction for each possible instruction and then exit.
This option is only useful for testing aass.

The following options are available when aass is configured for the SPARC architecture:

--AAvv66 || --AAvv77 || --AAvv88 || --AAssppaarrcclleett || --AAssppaarrcclliittee
--AAvv88pplluuss || --AAvv88pplluussaa || --AAvv99 || --AAvv99aa Explicitly select a variant of the SPARC architecture.


--AAvv88pplluuss and --AAvv88pplluussaa select a 32 bit environment. --AAvv99 and --AAvv99aa select a 64 bit environment.

--AAvv88pplluussaa and --AAvv99aa enable the SPARC V9 instruction set with UltraSPARC extensions.
--xxaarrcchh==vv88pplluuss || --xxaarrcchh==vv88pplluussaa For compatibility with the Solaris v9 assembler. These options are
equivalent to -Av8plus and -Av8plusa, respectively.
--bbuummpp Warn when the assembler switches to another architecture.

The following options are available when as is configured for the 'c54x architecture.

--mmffaarr--mmooddee Enable extended addressing mode. All addresses and relocations will assume
extended addressing (usually 23 bits).
--mmccppuu==_C_P_U___V_E_R_S_I_O_N Sets the CPU version being compiled for.
--mmeerrrroorrss--ttoo--ffiillee _F_I_L_E_N_A_M_E Redirect error output to a file, for broken systems which don't support such
behaviour in the shell.

The following options are available when as is configured for a MIPS processor.

--GG _n_u_m This option sets the largest size of an object that can be referenced
implicitly with the "gp" register. It is only accepted for targets that use ECOFF format, such as a DECstation running Ultrix. The default value is 8.
--EEBB Generate ``big endian'' format output.
--EELL Generate ``little endian'' format output.
--mmiippss11
--mmiippss22
--mmiippss33
--mmiippss44
--mmiippss55
--mmiippss3322
--mmiippss3322rr22
--mmiippss6644
--mmiippss6644rr22 Generate code for a particular MIPS Instruction Set Architecture level.
--mmiippss11 is an alias for --mmaarrcchh==rr33000000, --mmiippss22 is an alias for --mmaarrcchh==rr66000000, --mmiippss33 is an alias for --mmaarrcchh==rr44000000 and --mmiippss44 is an alias for --mmaarrcchh==rr88000000. --mmiippss55, --mmiippss3322, --mmiippss3322rr22, --mmiippss6644, and --mmiippss6644rr22 correspond to generic MMIIPPSS VV, MMIIPPSS3322, MMIIPPSS3322 RReelleeaassee 22, MMIIPPSS6644, and MMIIPPSS6644 RReelleeaassee 22 ISA processors, respectively.
--mmaarrcchh==_C_P_U Generate code for a particular MIPS cpu.
--mmttuunnee==_c_p_u Schedule and tune for a particular MIPS cpu.
--mmffiixx77000000
--mmnnoo--ffiixx77000000 Cause nops to be inserted if the read of the destination register
of an mfhi or mflo instruction occurs in the following two instructions.
--mmddeebbuugg
--nnoo--mmddeebbuugg Cause stabs-style debugging output to go into an ECOFF-style .mdebug
section instead of the standard ELF .stabs sections.
--mmppddrr
--mmnnoo--ppddrr Control generation of ".pdr" sections.
--mmggpp3322
--mmffpp3322 The register sizes are normally inferred from the ISA and ABI, but these
flags force a certain group of registers to be treated as 32 bits wide at all times. --mmggpp3322 controls the size of general-purpose registers and --mmffpp3322 controls the size of floating-point registers.
--mmiippss1166
--nnoo--mmiippss1166 Generate code for the MIPS 16 processor. This is equivalent to putting
".set mips16" at the start of the assembly file. --nnoo--mmiippss1166 turns off this option.
--mmiippss33dd
--nnoo--mmiippss33dd Generate code for the MIPS-3D Application Specific Extension.
This tells the assembler to accept MIPS-3D instructions. --nnoo--mmiippss33dd turns off this option.
--mmddmmxx
--nnoo--mmddmmxx Generate code for the MDMX Application Specific Extension.
This tells the assembler to accept MDMX instructions. --nnoo--mmddmmxx turns off this option.
----ccoonnssttrruucctt--ffllooaattss
----nnoo--ccoonnssttrruucctt--ffllooaattss The ----nnoo--ccoonnssttrruucctt--ffllooaattss option disables the construction of
double width floating point constants by loading the two halves of the value into the two single width floating point registers that make up the double width register. By default ----ccoonnssttrruucctt--ffllooaattss is selected, allowing construction of these floating point constants.
----eemmuullaattiioonn==_n_a_m_e This option causes aass to emulate aass configured
for some other target, in all respects, including output format (choosing between ELF and ECOFF only), handling of pseudo-opcodes which may generate debugging information or store symbol table information, and default endianness. The available configuration names are: mmiippsseeccooffff, mmiippsseellff, mmiippsslleeccooffff, mmiippssbbeeccooffff, mmiippsslleellff, mmiippssbbeellff. The first two do not alter the default endianness from that of the primary target for which the assembler was configured; the others change the default to little- or big-endian as indicated by the bb or ll in the name. Using --EEBB or --EELL will override the endianness selection in any case.

This option is currently supported only when the primary target aass is configured for is a MIPS ELF or ECOFF target. Furthermore, the primary target or others specified with ----eennaabbllee--ttaarrggeettss==...... at configuration time must include support for the other format, if both are to be available. For example, the Irix 5 configuration includes support for both.

Eventually, this option will support more configurations, with more fine-grained control over the assembler's behavior, and will be supported for more processors.
--nnooccpppp aass ignores this option. It is accepted for compatibility with
the native tools.
----ttrraapp
----nnoo--ttrraapp
----bbrreeaakk
----nnoo--bbrreeaakk Control how to deal with multiplication overflow and division by zero.
----ttrraapp or ----nnoo--bbrreeaakk (which are synonyms) take a trap exception (and only work for Instruction Set Architecture level 2 and higher); ----bbrreeaakk or ----nnoo--ttrraapp (also synonyms, and the default) take a break exception.
--nn When this option is used, aass will issue a warning every
time it generates a nop instruction from a macro.

The following options are available when as is configured for an MCore processor.

--jjssrrii22bbssrr
--nnoojjssrrii22bbssrr Enable or disable the JSRI to BSR transformation. By default this is enabled.
The command line option --nnoojjssrrii22bbssrr can be used to disable it.
--ssiiffiilltteerr
--nnoossiiffiilltteerr Enable or disable the silicon filter behaviour. By default this is disabled.
The default can be overridden by the --ssiiffiilltteerr command line option.
--rreellaaxx Alter jump instructions for long displacements.
--mmccppuu==[[221100||334400]] Select the cpu type on the target hardware. This controls which instructions
can be assembled.
--EEBB Assemble for a big endian target.
--EELL Assemble for a little endian target.

See the info pages for documentation of the MMIX-specific options.

The following options are available when as is configured for an Xtensa processor.

----tteexxtt--sseeccttiioonn--lliitteerraallss || ----nnoo--tteexxtt--sseeccttiioonn--lliitteerraallss With ----tteexxtt--sseeccttiioonn--lliitteerraallss, literal pools are interspersed
in the text section. The default is ----nnoo--tteexxtt--sseeccttiioonn--lliitteerraallss, which places literals in a separate section in the output file. These options only affect literals referenced via PC-relative "L32R" instructions; literals for absolute mode "L32R" instructions are handled separately.
----aabbssoolluuttee--lliitteerraallss || ----nnoo--aabbssoolluuttee--lliitteerraallss Indicate to the assembler whether "L32R" instructions use absolute
or PC-relative addressing. The default is to assume absolute addressing if the Xtensa processor includes the absolute "L32R" addressing option. Otherwise, only the PC-relative "L32R" mode can be used.
----ttaarrggeett--aalliiggnn || ----nnoo--ttaarrggeett--aalliiggnn Enable or disable automatic alignment to reduce branch penalties at the
expense of some code density. The default is ----ttaarrggeett--aalliiggnn.
----lloonnggccaallllss || ----nnoo--lloonnggccaallllss Enable or disable transformation of call instructions to allow calls
across a greater range of addresses. The default is ----nnoo--lloonnggccaallllss.
----ttrraannssffoorrmm || ----nnoo--ttrraannssffoorrmm Enable or disable all assembler transformations of Xtensa instructions.
The default is ----ttrraannssffoorrmm; ----nnoo--ttrraannssffoorrmm should be used only in the rare cases when the instructions must be exactly as specified in the assembly source.

SEE ALSO

_g_c_c(1), _l_d(1), and the Info entries for _b_i_n_u_t_i_l_s and _l_d. Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.