NM 1 2005-04-20 binutils-2.15.97 GNU Development Tools
NAME
nm - list symbols from object files
SYNOPSIS
nm [--aa|----ddeebbuugg--ssyymmss] [--gg|----eexxtteerrnn--oonnllyy]
[--BB] [--CC|----ddeemmaannggllee[=_s_t_y_l_e]] [--DD|----ddyynnaammiicc]
[--SS|----pprriinntt--ssiizzee] [--ss|----pprriinntt--aarrmmaapp]
[--AA|--oo|----pprriinntt--ffiillee--nnaammee][----ssppeecciiaall--ssyymmss]
[--nn|--vv|----nnuummeerriicc--ssoorrtt] [--pp|----nnoo--ssoorrtt]
[--rr|----rreevveerrssee--ssoorrtt] [----ssiizzee--ssoorrtt] [--uu|----uunnddeeffiinneedd--oonnllyy]
[--tt _r_a_d_i_x|----rraaddiixx==_r_a_d_i_x] [--PP|----ppoorrttaabbiilliittyy]
[----ttaarrggeett==_b_f_d_n_a_m_e] [--ff_f_o_r_m_a_t|----ffoorrmmaatt==_f_o_r_m_a_t]
[----ddeeffiinneedd--oonnllyy] [--ll|----lliinnee--nnuummbbeerrss] [----nnoo--ddeemmaannggllee]
[--VV|----vveerrssiioonn] [--XX 3322__6644] [----hheellpp] [_o_b_j_f_i_l_e...]
DESCRIPTION
GNU nnmm lists the symbols from object files _o_b_j_f_i_l_e....
If no object files are listed as arguments, nnmm assumes the file
_a_._o_u_t.
For each symbol, nnmm shows:
-
·
The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below), or
-
hexadecimal by default.
-
·
The symbol type. At least the following types are used; others are, as
-
well, depending on the object file format. If lowercase, the symbol is
local; if uppercase, the symbol is global (external).
-
"A"
The symbol's value is absolute, and will not be changed by further
-
linking.
-
"B"
The symbol is in the uninitialized data section (known as BSS).
-
-
"C"
The symbol is common. Common symbols are uninitialized data. When
-
linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the same name. If the
symbol is defined anywhere, the common symbols are treated as undefined
references.
-
"D"
The symbol is in the initialized data section.
-
-
"G"
The symbol is in an initialized data section for small objects. Some
-
object file formats permit more efficient access to small data objects,
such as a global int variable as opposed to a large global array.
-
"I"
The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol. This is a GNU
-
extension to the a.out object file format which is rarely used.
-
"N"
The symbol is a debugging symbol.
-
-
"R"
The symbol is in a read only data section.
-
-
"S"
The symbol is in an uninitialized data section for small objects.
-
-
"T"
The symbol is in the text (code) section.
-
-
"U"
The symbol is undefined.
-
-
"V"
The symbol is a weak object. When a weak defined symbol is linked with
-
a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error.
When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined,
the value of the weak symbol becomes zero with no error.
-
"W"
The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been specifically tagged as a
-
weak object symbol. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal
defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error.
When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined,
the value of the symbol is determined in a system-specific manner without
error. On some systems, uppercase indicates that a default value has been
specified.
-
"-"
The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In this case, the
-
next values printed are the stabs other field, the stabs desc field, and
the stab type. Stabs symbols are used to hold debugging information.
-
"?"
The symbol type is unknown, or object file format specific.
-
-
·
The symbol name.
-
OPTIONS
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.
-
--AA
-
-
--oo
-
-
----pprriinntt--ffiillee--nnaammee
Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive member)
-
in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file once only,
before all of its symbols.
-
--aa
-
-
----ddeebbuugg--ssyymmss
Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally these are not
-
listed.
-
--BB
The same as ----ffoorrmmaatt==bbssdd (for compatibility with the MIPS nnmm).
-
-
--CC
-
-
----ddeemmaannggllee[[==_s_t_y_l_e]]
Decode (_d_e_m_a_n_g_l_e) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
-
Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different
mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler.
-
----nnoo--ddeemmaannggllee
Do not demangle low-level symbol names. This is the default.
-
-
--DD
-
-
----ddyynnaammiicc
Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal symbols. This is
-
only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
libraries.
-
--ff _f_o_r_m_a_t
-
-
----ffoorrmmaatt==_f_o_r_m_a_t
Use the output format _f_o_r_m_a_t, which can be "bsd",
-
"sysv", or "posix". The default is "bsd".
Only the first character of _f_o_r_m_a_t is significant; it can be
either upper or lower case.
-
--gg
-
-
----eexxtteerrnn--oonnllyy
Display only external symbols.
-
-
--ll
-
-
----lliinnee--nnuummbbeerrss
For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find a filename and
-
line number. For a defined symbol, look for the line number of the
address of the symbol. For an undefined symbol, look for the line
number of a relocation entry which refers to the symbol. If line number
information can be found, print it after the other symbol information.
-
--nn
-
-
--vv
-
-
----nnuummeerriicc--ssoorrtt
Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabetically
-
by their names.
-
--pp
-
-
----nnoo--ssoorrtt
Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them in the order
-
encountered.
-
--PP
-
-
----ppoorrttaabbiilliittyy
Use the POSIX.2 standard output format instead of the default format.
-
Equivalent to --ff ppoossiixx.
-
--SS
-
-
----pprriinntt--ssiizzee
Print size, not the value, of defined symbols for the "bsd" output format.
-
-
--ss
-
-
----pprriinntt--aarrmmaapp
When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping
-
(stored in the archive by aarr or rraannlliibb) of which modules
contain definitions for which names.
-
--rr
-
-
----rreevveerrssee--ssoorrtt
Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the
-
last come first.
-
----ssiizzee--ssoorrtt
Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the difference between
-
the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol with the next higher
value. If the "bsd" output format is used the size of the symbol
is printed, rather than the value, and --SS must be used in order
both size and value to be printed.
-
----ssppeecciiaall--ssyymmss
Display symbols which have a target-specific special meaning. These
-
symbols are usually used by the target for some special processing and
are not normally helpful when included included in the normal symbol
lists. For example for ARM targets this option would skip the mapping
symbols used to mark transistions between ARM code, THUMB code and
data.
-
--tt _r_a_d_i_x
-
-
----rraaddiixx==_r_a_d_i_x
Use _r_a_d_i_x as the radix for printing the symbol values. It must be
-
dd for decimal, oo for octal, or xx for hexadecimal.
-
----ttaarrggeett==_b_f_d_n_a_m_e
Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
-
-
--uu
-
-
----uunnddeeffiinneedd--oonnllyy
Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file).
-
-
----ddeeffiinneedd--oonnllyy
Display only defined symbols for each object file.
-
-
--VV
-
-
----vveerrssiioonn
Show the version number of nnmm and exit.
-
-
--XX
This option is ignored for compatibility with the AIX version of
-
nnmm. It takes one parameter which must be the string
3322__6644. The default mode of AIX nnmm corresponds
to --XX 3322, which is not supported by GNU nnmm.
-
----hheellpp
Show a summary of the options to nnmm and exit.
-
SEE ALSO
_a_r(1), _o_b_j_d_u_m_p(1), _r_a_n_l_i_b(1), and the Info entries for _b_i_n_u_t_i_l_s.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.